臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

高科技產業產品技術生命週期短且技術複雜變化快，再加上市場變動不確定性高，緊密的網絡關係對其有相當的影響力。面對同一環境下，廠商因為彼此對於網絡中稀少性資源的爭取，而決定其採取的策略形式為競爭、合作或是兩者互補的方式。由於過去研究者普遍使用的專利引證分析，只能從雙方的引證關係來做分析，無法看到三方甚至多方以上的關係，再加上有學者認為傳統的專利引證分析指標已趨成熟，如欲超越現況則待新的方法論，因此過去舊有的專利引證分析固然仍有其貢獻，但難免因其侷限性而使的資料有所偏誤。因此本研究目的主要運用廣受大家熱烈討論的網絡方法，利用最具權威性、判斷力的專利資料，擷取的樣本是取RFID產業中專利產出佔總研究資料95%的20家主要廠商為例，當面對資源有限下，廠商在網絡中，其所處的位置與扮演的角色，以及因為廠商間的互動情形，因而形成的關係、關係的強弱並進一步的探討關係內的互動情形，即所謂網絡的結構、特性將如何影響廠商在其網絡中與其他成員的互動關係，彼此間會傾向競爭、合作亦或是競爭與合作互補的關係。
本研究主要由整體面、群聚面、個體面來探討，得知廠商的特色和結構會影響互動的關係及策略的決定。實證結果從整體面得知，廠商屬於技術擴散，則廠商的技術獨立性較高;技術依賴者，廠商則需高度依賴網絡中的其他廠商;位於媒介的中間廠商可獲得較多中介者利益。群聚面及子群面得知，同一環境下，合作和競爭的策略是可能同時出現的。最後從個體面得知，廠商在網絡中的技術特性和專業性、基礎性程度。本研究經由網絡方法，擴展了專利引證所隱藏的資訊，提供了更多的訊息給決策者和潛在投資者。

Since the life cycle of Hi-Tech products becomes shorter and technology development and variety of market uncertainty get more complicated, the Network relation has more influence on these phenomena. Under the same environment and the limited resources, strategic makers have to deliberate the competition, cooperation or the complementariness of competition and cooperation strategy. In the past, researchers who only used dyadic view for patent citation analysis, so they can’t find the triadic or even multi information. In addition, some scholars even thought the traditional patient citation analysis were mature, if someone who wants to find more information, they should used new analytic method. Hence, the traditional patent citation analysis was a good contribution, but sometime limitations were caused of error information. As the result, we adopt the popular concept, social network, to discuss the position, role, influence and the situation of interaction with limited resources in RFID industry. Moreover, we also confer on the strength of the relation and the situation within the internal area. In short, the study will discuss the influence of structure and characteristics of firm from the whole, cluster and individual level with the top 20 firms, produce patent occupied 95% from all data, in the RFID industry. Discussing when firms in an environment, limited in resources, what the operation of these firms will do.
The empirical results show that the characteristic and structure of firms certainly influence the relation of each other and the strategic choice. For firms at whole level, the technology diffusers are more independence; the technology absorbers require higher dependence; medium firms have more broker benefits from the technology transmission. In addition, the concept of Cluster and Blockmodeling shows that under the same environment and limited resources, the complementariness of competition and cooperation would appear at the same time. Finally, from the individual level, we could find firms who have more specialism and basic technology in the field and will be the core group in the future. The study expands the citation information of patent owned by firms through Network views and offers more messages.

目錄 --------------------------------------------I
表目錄 --------------------------------------------IV
圖目錄 --------------------------------------------V
式目錄 --------------------------------------------VI
第一章 緒論 -----------------------------------------1
第一節 背景與動機-----------------------------------1
第二節 研究目的------------------------------------2
第三節 研究流程------------------------------------4
第二章 文獻探討 ------------------------------------6
第一節 專利引證分析回顧------------------------------6
第二節 社會網絡方法分析專利引證關係 ------------------12
第三節 競爭和合作的互補-----------------------------17
第三章 研究方法與資料收集------------------------------22
第一節 研究資料來源 --------------------------------22
第二節 研究方法 ------------------------------------25
壹、網絡中心度(Network Centrality)----------------26
貳、網絡的凝聚子群(Network Cohesion)---------------29
參、結構同位(Structure Equivalent)----------------30
肆、子群模型(Blockmodeling)-----------------------31
伍、結構洞(Structural Holes)----------------------32
陸、自我引證(Self-Citation)-----------------------34
第四章 研究結果與分析----------------------------------35
第一節 整體廠商觀點(whole network of firms)----------35
壹、中心度(Degree Centrality)---------------------35
貳、中間中心度（Betweenness Centrality）-----------36
第二節 競爭和合作的互補-------------------------------39
壹、廠商間的凝聚(Cohesion of firms)—合作(cooperation)---39
貳、廠商的結構同位(Structure Equivalent of firms)—競爭(competition)----42
第三節 子群模型層次(Block modeling Level)、子群內部關係(Intra-Block)------47
第四節 廠商的個體面(Ego Network)-------------------51
壹、結構洞(Structure Hole)----------------------51
貳、自我引證(Self-Citation)---------------------52
第五章 研究發現與結論---------------------------------55
第一節 研究發現------------------------------------55
壹、整體層面發現觀點------------------------------56
貳、競爭和合作的互補的觀點-------------------------58
参、子群模型層次(Blockmodeling Level)、子群間觀點(Inter-Block Level）---59
肆、廠商的個體面(Ego Network)---------------------61
第二節 研究貢獻與管理意涵----------------------------64
壹、整體觀點-------------------------------------64
貳、競爭與合作互補的觀點---------------------------65
參、個體觀點--------------------------------------66
肆、專利引證網絡分析法(PCNA)對當前RFID產業市場(2009年)之意涵---67
第三節 研究限制-------------------------------------68
第四節 後續研究建議----------------------------------69
參考文獻----------------------------------------------71
附錄--------------------------------------------------80
【附錄1】CHI專利指標簡介--------------------------------80
【附錄2】由網絡觀點探討「策略聯盟」-----------------------84
【附錄3】RFID產業介紹-----------------------------------85
【附錄4】本研究資料篩選程序化步驟-------------------------87
【附錄5】RFID廠商專利網絡圖------------------------------88
【附錄6】20家廠商專利UPC第一層分類碼----------------------89
【附錄7】20家廠商技術製造分類-----------------------------90
【附錄8】20家廠商專利第一層所有UPC分類碼名稱----------------91
中英名詞對照--------------------------------------------95

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