臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在化工程序操作上，為了增加產量，希望控制變數在已可用最大輸入幅度情況下，可在最短的時間抵達並維持於設定點。尤其在批次反應的程序，反應器溫度如需快速抵達指定的設定點時，在上述情況下，我們希望能使受控變數在最短的時間達到該設定點，且幾乎沒有或只有很小的超越應答現象發生。本文將針對此目標提出一套有效的控制策略與完整的控制架。
在此，本文主旨是針對可近似成二階帶時延的動態模式之化工程序，提出一套切換控制策略。利用最大和最小操作輸入與比例積分微分控制器結合使用，可使程序在最短的時間達到設定點，並且沒有超越應答的發生。在切換控制的設計中，由上下幅限之輸入到由傳統PID控制輸入之切換點是依據時間或是依據量測到的控制變數的回饋來決定之。另外，此項切換控制策略的使用，可延伸至高度非線性程序。本文中，將舉幾個例子說明這種控制器設計的好處。

During start-up of the chemical processes, it is preferably to reach standard operating condition in minimum time to increase the time for normal production. In batch processes,frequent set-point changes are needed in reactor temperature to follow optimum trajectory. In the above situations, it requires the controlled variable to reach the new set-point in minimum time with no or very little overshoot.
In this thesis, a simple switching control strategy is proposed for chemical processes that can be approximated as second-order dynamic model with deadtime. Maximum and/or minimum manipulated variable changes in association with PID controller will be utilized to constitute this switching
controller for reaching set-point in minimum time and with no overshoot. The switching point in the control is calculated from time or the feedback controlled variable. The usage of this switching control strategy can be extended to highly nonlinear processes. Several numerical examples will be used to illustrate the usefulness of the proposed design in this thesis.

1 緒論
1.1 前言
1.2 研究動機與目的
1.3 組織章節
2 二階不含零點超阻泥程序之切換控制策略的探討
2.1 切換控制器的介紹
2.2 由二階不含零點超阻泥程序演導控制法則
2.3 依據時間切換的控制法則
2.3.1 依據時間切換的控制結果
2.3.2 依據時間切換的程序韌性測試
2.4 依據程序誤差切換的控制法則
2.4.1 依據程序誤差切換的控制結果
2.4.2 依據程序誤差切換的程序韌性測試
2.5 依據時間與程序誤差切換的控制策略比較
3 二階含零點超阻泥程序之切換控制策略的探討
3.1 由二階含零點超阻泥程序演導控制法則
3.2 依據時間切換的控制法則
3.2.1 依據時間切換的控制結果
3.2.2 依據時間切換的程序韌性測試
3.3 依據程序誤差切換的控制法則
3.3.1 依據程序誤差切換的控制結果
3.3.2 依據程序誤差切換的程序韌性測試
3.4 依據時間與程序誤差切換的控制策略比較
4 二階帶有逆應答超阻泥程序之切換控制策略的探討
4.1 由二階帶有逆應答超阻泥程序演導控制法則
4.2 依據時間切換的控制法則
4.2.1 依據時間切換的控制結果
4.2.2 依據時間切換的程序韌性測試
4.3 依據程序誤差切換的控制法則
4.3.1 依據程序誤差切換的控制結果
4.3.2 依據程序誤差切換的程序韌性測試
5 切換控制策略應用至非線性程序的探討
5.1 由一階帶時延程序演導控制法則
5.2 切換控制策略應用至非線性程序
5.3 依據時間切換的控制法則
5.3.1 依據時間切換的控制結果
5.3.2 依據時間切換的程序韌性測試
5.4 依據程序誤差切換的控制法則
5.4.1 依據程序誤差切換的控制結果
5.4.2 依據程序誤差切換的程序韌性測試
5.5 依據時間與程序誤差切換的控制策略比較
6 結論
A IMC-PID 調諧法則
A.1 單環路簡易IMC-PID 調諧法則

M. Athans and P. L. Falb "Optimal Control : An Introduction to The Theory and It's Application", McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1966.
W. H. Chang "Batch-Switch PID Controller Design for Set-Point Tracking ", Master's thesis, National Taiwan University, 2000.
I. L. Chien and P. S. Fruehauf "Consider IMC Tuning to Improve Controller Performance", Chemical Engineering Progress, pp.33-41, 1990.
P. S. Fruehauf and I. L. Chien and M. D. Lauritsen ,"Simplified IMC-PID Tuning Rules",ISA Transactions, vol.33, pp.43-59, 1994.
E. H. Hsu and S. Bacher and A. Kaufman ,"A Self-Adapting Time-Optimal Control Algorithm for Second-Order Processes", AIChE Journal, vol.18, no.6, pp.1133-1139, 1972.
P. R. Latour and L. B. Koppel,"Time Optimum Control of Second-Order Overdamped System with Transportation Lag",I&EC Fundamentals, vol.4, no.4, pp.463-471, 1965.
P. R. Latour and L. B. Koppel and D. R. Coughanowr,"Time-Optimum Control of Chemical Processes for Set-Point Changes",
I&EC Process Design and Development, vol.6, no.4,pp.452-460, 1967.
P. R. Latour and L. B. Koppel and D. R. Coughanowr,"Feedback Time-Optimum Process Controllers",I&EC Process Design and Development, vol.7, no.3, pp.345-353, 1968.
D. A. Mellichamp,"Model Predictive Time-Optimal Control of Second-Order Processes",I&EC Process Design and Development, vol.9, no.4, pp.494-502, 1970.
D. Rivera and M. Morari and S. Skogestad,"Internal Model Control. 4. PID Controller Design",I&EC Process Design and Development, vol.25, no.1,pp.252-264, 1995.
F. G. Shinskey,"Process Control Systems : Application, Design, and Tuning",3rd ed.McGraw-Hill Publishing Company, 1988.
C. A. Smith and A. B. Corripio,"Principles and Practice of Automatic Process Control", 2nd ed. John Wiley Sons, Inc., 1997.
J. F. Steadman and L. B. Koppel,"Bang-Bang is Faster",
,Hydrocarbon Processing, pp.101-105, 1972.
Yokogawa Electric Corporation ,"Technical Information: Control and Communication Functions and Applications YS150/YS170 Single-Loop Controller",1st ed.Yokogawa Electric Corporation, Mar 1992.