臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出一套新型建構智慧電網自我療癒機制，以有效改善饋線自動化自我療癒功能不彰問題。自我療癒為智慧電網的核心功能，目前電力公司智慧電網多以智慧配電系統饋線自動化的事故偵測、隔離及復電功能以達成自我療癒。而建構此項自我療癒機制過程中設定FTU過電流偵測曲線步驟，在電力公司目前作業方式係由人工參考饋線斷路器所連結的智慧型電子裝置時間－電流曲線設定此過電流偵測曲線參數，再以電力公司自建光纖網路或租用電信公司2.5G無線網路將曲線參數下載至FTU。由於此項曲線設定牽涉到饋線斷路器過電流保護協調規劃，以及有效的雙向資料傳輸通訊通道運作。而電力公司在智慧電網建置之初欠缺適當電腦輔助過電流保護協調規劃及FTU過電流偵測曲線計算系統運算平台，以及電力公司自有光纖通訊覆蓋不足和2.5G無線行動通訊系統品質不穩定問題，使得智慧電網自我療癒功能未臻完善。
本論文所提出之自我療癒機制根據配電調度自動化系統所擷取的歷史事件資料，以事件驅動法則分析出持久事故所發生的饋線，再使用改良的偏微分法則分析此饋線過電流保護協調所設定的參數正確性，並使用半區間法計算出FTU的最佳過電流偵測曲線，以確保智慧電網自我療癒功能正確運作。為求在電力公司光纖網路無法覆蓋地區能使用穩定無線通訊，以供FTU有效下載適當的過電流偵測曲線及FA系統調度運作，為有效解決智慧配電通訊問題，本論文亦於附錄中提供點對點雙向無線通訊規畫案例，以改善饋線自動化通訊品質，進而確保智慧電網核心功能“自我療癒＂有效運作。
以國內電力公司所轄各饋線而言，每年約有900條饋線發生2000次持久事故停電，若採用本論文所提新型自我療癒機制，這些饋線持久事故次數皆可有效降低，進而可降低供電可靠度指標SAIDI及SAIFI值。

This thesis provided a new mechanism for improving feeder automation self-healing. Self-healing is generally the core function of smart grid. For the sake of achieving self-healing, Power utility has widely deployed feeder automation (FA) system with fault detection, isolation and restoration (FDIR) feature in its feeder configuration in Taiwan. The correctness of FDIR operation relies on the exact feeder terminal unit (FTU) overcurrent detecting curve setting and guarantees the success of self-healing. The calculation of FTU overcurrent detecting curve is also deeply influenced by the planning result of the overcurrent protection and coordination of feeder circuit breaker (FCB) IED. However, under the shortage of computer aided planning and calculation platforms condition, Power utility currently uses manual estimation approach for FTU overcurrent detecting curve setting. The imperfect self-healing problem will therefore be caused by this situation. Additionally, the FTU overcurrent detecting curve setting needs to be downloaded to the corresponding FTU via a stable bidirectional communication channel. The shortage of power utility fiber optical deployment and the unstable quality of 2.5G public mobile network used by power utility FA system will also cause the perfect self-healing impossible.
The mechanism provided by this thesis applies the event driven approach to fetch out the feeder incidents from supervisory control and data acquisition(SCADA) historical event log. A revised partial differentiate approaches subsequently used to analyze the correctness of the protection and coordination parameters of these feeders. Half-interval method is then used to calculate the FTU overcurrent detection curve in order to guarantee the proper operation of FDIR. Furthermore, a point to point radio frequency (RF) planning example is included for the solution of insufficient and unstable communication coverage situation. Consequently, the realistic operable self-healing function of power utility smart grid is then achieved.
Currently, there were900 feeders with 2000 sustain incidents per year in Taiwan power utility. The protection and coordination parameters of these incidents feeders could be improved in order to reduce the times of incidents via using the self-healing mechanism provided by this thesis. The system average interruption duration index (SAIDI) and system average interruption frequency index (SAIFI) could be reduced as well.

摘要 I
Abstract III
誌謝 V
Context VI
List of Tables IX
List of Figures XI
Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1Motivation of the Study 1
1.2Objectives of the Study 1
1.3Contribution of the Work 2
1.4Outline of the Thesis 2
Chapter 2 Research Environment 4
2.1 SCADA Configuration 4
2.2 FTU Introduction 5
2.3 FDIR in FA 5
2.4IED Introduction 8
2.5IED Overcurrent Setting 8
2.6IEC61850 Standard Application 10
Chapter 3 Event Driven Feeder Incident Analysis 11
3.1 Literature Study 12
3.2 Event Driven Model Development 13
3.3 Incident Analysis 15
3.4 Incident Case Study 19
3.5 Secured File Transfer Mechanism 23
3.5.1 Web Site Consideration 25
3.6 Conclusion of Feeder Incident Analysis 27
Chapter 4 Overcurrent Protection and Coordination Analysis 29
4.1 Introduction to Overcurrent Protection and Coordination 29
4.2 Incoordination Analysis 31
4.2.1 Problems Statement 31
4.2.2 Analysis Methodology 33
4.2.2.1 MMEP Definition and MINTI Finding 34
4.2.2.2 Optimal TDS Calculation 38
4.2.2.3 TCC with C Times Pickup Current Asymptotic Line 40
4.2.2.4 TCC of the Legacy Protection Devices 42
4.3 Computer Aided Analysis System development 43
4.3.1 System Design 43
4.3.2 Power utility case study 45
4.4 Smart Grid Relevant Discussion 51
Chapter 5 FTU Overcurrent Detecting Curve Calculation 53
5.1 Literatures Evaluation 53
5.2 Problems Formulation 55
5.3 FTU Fault Flag Setting Rules 55
5.4 Revised Half Interval Theory 59
5.5 TCC and Fuse Total Clearing Curve Intersection Check 63
5.6 Feeder Restoration Application 65
5.7 Web Base Application development 65
5.7.1 Case Study 68
5.8 Conclusion 69
Chapter 6Bi-Directional Wireless Communication Link Analysis 71
Chapter 7 Conclusions and Future Work 78
7.1 Summary of Main Conclusions 78
7.2 Future Research 79
References 80
Appendix Three Extra Coordination Schemes 86
Abbreviations 89
Publications 92
Author Introduction 93、Table 2.1 SEL 351A Parameters with IEEE/ANSI Standard 9
Table 2.2 SEL 351A Parameters with IEC Standard 9
Table 3.1 A 15 minutes temporary incident event log 19
Table 3.2 A non-incident event log due to relay trip event shortage 19
Table 3.3 A non-incident event log due to AMP LOW limit violation event shortage 20
Table 3.4 A Remark tag set event log 20
Table 3.5 A 55 seconds temporary incident event log 21
Table 3.6 A 25 minutes and 1 second sustained incident event log 22
Table 4.1 Corresponding measurements in TDS incremental approach for upstream optimal TDS finding 40
Table 4.2 The original IED data of AP21 and AP26 48
Table 4.3 ANSI C57.109 damage characteristics for oil-filled, power transformers 48
Table 4.4 The data of standard speed power fuse minimum melting TCC 49
Table 4.5 The data of standard speed power fuse minimum clearing TCC 49
Table 5.1 Typical point values of phase FTU overcurrent detecting curves 57
Table 5.2 Typical point values of ground FTU overcurrent detecting curves 58
Table 5.3 Tsaotun AP21 FTU overcurrent detecting curve manual planning result 69
Table 5.4 Tsaotun AP21 FTU overcurrent detecting curve CAP result 69
Table 6.1 Site Parameters 72
Table 6.2 Line-of-Sight Differences between Predicted Median Signal Values and Measured Values for Different Computer Loss Models 74
Table 6.3 Wide Area Median Signal Statistics of Differences Between Predicted Values and Measured Median Values for Different Computer Loss Models 74
Table 6.4 Prorogation Calculation Results 76、Fig. 2.1 Typical small scale SCADA configuration 4
Fig. 2.2 FDIR pre-disturbance period 6
Fig. 2.3 FDIR disturbance period 7
Fig. 2.4 FDIR post-disturbance period 7
Fig. 3.1 The state diagram of the feeder incident 17
Fig. 3.2 The configuration of the secured data transfer mechanism 24
Fig. 3.3 The net controller diagram 24
Fig. 3.4 A typical feeder incident message web page used in power utility 26
Fig. 3.5 The feeder incident analysis report used in power utility 27
Fig. 4.1 TCC with the coordination vulnerability (plotted by DCAS) 32
Fig. 4.2 Details of coordination vulnerability (plotted by DCAS) 33
Fig. 4.3 Procedure for optimizing TDS 34
Fig. 4.4 Newton Rapson iteration procedure for finding IMINTI and MINTI 38
Fig. 4.5 The time interval curve of TCC 41
Fig. 4.6 DCAS user interface 44
Fig. 4.7 TCCs with the optimal downstream IED TDS calculation result 45
Fig. 4.8 Portion of typical power utility secondary substation single line diagram with icon illustrations 47
Fig. 4.9 The original protection coordination curves 50
Fig. 4.10 The protection coordination curves with the optimal TDS values of Tie and 310 IEDs 50
Fig. 5.1 The result of manual setting FTU overcurrent detecting curve 54
Fig. 5.2 FTU overcurrent detecting curve 55
Fig. 5.3 Typical phase FTU overcurrent detecting curve 58
Fig. 5.4 Typical ground FTU overcurrent detecting curve 59
Fig. 5.5 Typical eight points FTU overcurrent detecting curve 60
Fig. 5.6 User interface of web base application system 66
Fig. 5.7 Web base application system architecture 68
Fig. 6.1 The three sites and the two links 72
Fig. 6.2 Comparison of measured median transmission loss south of the Sears Tower to predictions given by the Carey and TIREM models for base station antenna height of 380m 73
Fig. 6.3 CK-CC Terrain Profile 75
Fig. 6.4 CC-RY Terrain Profile 75

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