臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著無線感測網路技術日趨成熟，現今我們的感測範圍不單是以往的居家環境，甚至可能是規模龐大的溫室或耕地，當我們增加感測節點的數量，無形間也會提高封包傳輸的碰撞機率。近幾年，許多能夠結合感測器等電子元件的微控制器(Microcontroller，簡稱MCU)、單板機電腦(Single-board computer，簡稱SBC)逐漸問世，使得無線感測網路技術的應用進入一個新的里程碑，學術界、企業界的研究者投入心力，進行研究與開發。
Raspberry Pi單板機電腦就是近幾年興起的新科技之一，雖然只有信用卡的大小，但其具備CPU、記憶體、USB介面、網路介面以及影音輸出介面，如同一台小型電腦般，可以透過控制感測器做出環境監測、自動控制、災害預防等多樣化的應用。本研究在參考相關文獻後，發現目前多數學者趨向以Arduino控制器控制感測器，僅有少數學者是以Raspberry Pi控制感測器進行開發。因此，本研究提出一個以Raspberry Pi作為基礎硬體的無線感測網路模型，透過低成本的單板機電腦結合感測器，建立叢集(Cluster)運算，減少封包傳輸的碰撞機率以及等待時間，應用於溫室的環境監測，提供後人建置無線感測網路可依循的軌跡。

As wireless sensor network (WSN) technology matures, today’s sensing range is different from the past. It is not only home environment, but also large-scale greenhouse or farmland. When we increase the number of sensor nodes, it will also increase the packet collision rate. During the past few years, more and more microcontroller and single-board computer which can combine sensor have been come out so that application of wireless sensor network has reached a new milestone. Researchers from academia and business community put effort into research and development.
Raspberry Pi is one of the new technologies in recent years. Although credit card–sized single-board computers, there are CPU, memory, USB interface, network interface and audio output interface on Raspberry Pi. As a small computer, it can control sensor to be used in environmental monitoring, automatic control and disaster prevention. In the thesis, after reading the relevant literature, we found most researchers tend to control sensor by Arduino microcontroller and few researchers control sensor by Raspberry Pi. Therefore, the study proposes a wireless sensor network model based on Raspberry Pi hardware, control sensors through low-cost single-board computers, import cluster computing to reduce the packet collision rate and waiting time, and use in environmental monitoring on greenhouse. We expect the study can provide a reference to build wireless sensor network for future generations.

摘要 I
Abstract II
誌謝 III
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究目的 1
1.3 論文架構 2
第二章 文獻探討 3
2.1 無線感測網路 3
2.1.1 無線感測網路模型 3
2.1.2 感測節點的硬體架構 4
2.1.3 感測節點的傳輸模式 5
2.1.4 傳輸介質的比較 6
2.2 Raspberry Pi 8
2.2.1 歷史沿革與硬體規格 8
2.2.2 Raspberry Pi無線感測網路 9
2.3 叢集運算 11
2.3.1 叢集架構 11
2.3.2 叢集演算法 12
第三章 研究方法 16
3.1 實驗設備與環境 16
3.1.1 Raspberry Pi 16
3.1.2 RPi.GPIO函式庫安裝 19
3.1.3 WiringPi函式庫安裝 20
3.1.4 WiFi網路設定 22
3.1.5 溫濕度感測器 26
3.1.6 光敏電阻/光照度感測器 28
3.2 叢集式無線感測網路 33
3.2.1 研究架構 33
3.2.2 Raspberry Pi-Cluster Head 34
3.2.3 Raspberry Pi-Cluster Members 35
3.2.4 Raspberry Pi-Base Station 35
第四章 實驗結果 36
4.1 RPi-CH與RPi-CMs 36
4.1.1 RPi-CMs與溫濕度感測器 36
4.1.2 RPi-CMs與光敏電阻 39
4.1.3 RPi-CMs運作流程 41
4.1.4 RPi-CH運作流程 43
4.2 RPi-BS與Client Service 44
4.2.1 RPi-BS運作流程 44
4.2.2 Client Service 46
第五章 結論與未來展望 47
5.1 結論 47
5.2 未來展望 48
參考文獻 49

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