臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文以永磁式無刷電機設計觀念為基礎，設計永磁起動發電機(Permanent Magnet Starter Alternator, PMSA)，並以直驅方式起動轉子引擎(Wankel Engine)，當轉子引擎順利運轉後便帶動PMSA提供負載用電，取代傳統的直流有刷起動馬達與發電機，便可減少空間與重量、降低機械損耗摩擦，達到提升效率之目的。本論文PMSA主要是採用高性能稀土類磁鐵，不僅使功率密度提高，重量減輕，而且維護方便，可靠度及效率皆有所提升，但是應用於大型的PMSA，即會產生組裝困難之問題。因此本論文將結合「後充磁法」(Post-Assembly Magnetization,PAM)，設計出後充磁式永磁無刷起動發電機，來解決大型PMSA之組裝問題。
本論文將依負載需求，規劃出永磁式起動發電機之設計條件與後充磁之限制，並以電機理論與等效磁路設計PMSA雛形及尺寸，並加入繞線與電氣方面的設計，最後透過有限元素分析模擬PMSA磁路特性與性能。另外，在後充磁方面，透過模擬分析並找出轉子相對位置與充磁所需之電流，並提出槽極比為3倍的充磁法。此充磁法不需計算角度，且可應用於各種接線方式，可與充磁機的規格作匹配上的調整，再透過實驗與模擬交叉驗證其正確性。並整理出完整的充磁外部接線方式和充磁轉子相對位置，最後以一次充磁與二次充磁作完整比較與探討。實驗部分，PMSA在馬達模式能夠提供足夠轉矩帶動轉子引擎順利運轉，而在發電機模式時能夠符合轉換條件3000rpm與額定條件6500rpm下的規格。並結合後充磁方式，與前充磁作完整的分析與比較，最後，量測與實驗結果符合理論設計，達成永磁起動發電機結合後充磁法之設計與研發之目的。

In this study, the design concept of the permanent magnet brushless motor is based on the permanent starter alternators (PMSA) and uses direct drive to start Wankel engine. The rotor driven PMSA provides electrical power and is able to reduce the spaces, weights and the mechanical losses of the transitional DC brush motors and generators. The purposed PMSA uses high performance rare-earth magnet to increase the power density, reliability and efficiency and reduce the weights and the difficulty of the assembling. Since the degree of difficulty will increase when the PMSA becomes larger, this study combines the Post-Assembly Magnetization (PAM) to solve the assembling problem.
The design conditions and the restrictions of the PAM are known after the load analysis. The basic shape and size of the PMSA are designed by the electrical theory and the equivalent circuit. After all parameters are set, the magnetic characteristics and the performance are simulated by the finite element analysis. It can also be used in PAM method to find out the relative rotor position and assembling current.
From above, the design proposes a novel PAM approach in pole-slot ratio at 3. The relative position of the rotor and the magnetizing current requirement are satisfied through the simulation. This method needs no angle rotation, and can be used in a variety of connection methods, magnetizing machine can match the specifications for the adjustment, and results are verified through experiment and simulation. Then, a completely list is sorted by the order of PAM external connection mode and relative rotor position.
In the experiments, one time magnetization compare with twice magnetization so that shows the different and further discussion in details. Also, the new design of PMSA drive the Wankel Engine smoothly and is proved under rating operation at 3000rpm and 6500rpm. Finally, the magnetizing method combined with a magnetized for an integrated analysis and comparison, measurement, and experimental results with the theoretical design, design and realization of permanent magnet starter alternators with Post-Assembly Magnetization design and research is achieved.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 III
誌謝 V
目錄 VIII
表目錄 XII
圖目錄 XIV
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機與目的 4
1.3 本文架構 8
第二章 文獻回顧 10
2.1 起動法電機參考文獻 10
2.2後充磁法參考文獻 14
第三章 後充磁式PMSA之分析與探討 24
3.1 PMSA的分析與探討 25
3.1.1 PMSA的組成與功能 25
3.1.2 PMSA的操作模式與規格 26
3.1.3 PMSA的切換方法 27
3.1.4 PMSA的形式 28
3.2 後充磁的分析方法 29
3.2.1 槽極配之選用 30
3.2.2 繞組設計與繞線因數 31
3.2.3 充磁外部接線方式 39
3.2.4 後充磁法之磁場分析 44
3.2.5 一次充磁法與二次充磁法之磁場分析 51
3.2.6 充磁時轉子角度與相對位置 59
3.2.7 充磁磁場強度分析與電流估算 68
3.2.8 確認磁鐵飽和度 72
第四章 後充磁PMSA之設計理論與方法 74
4.1 PMSA設計流程[10][35] 74
4.2 負載與需求分析 75
4.3 確定規格與條件 79
4.4 材料與磁路分析 85
4.4.1永磁材料 86
4.4.2軟磁材料 88
4.4.3轉軸與銅線 89
4.4.4磁鐵尺寸設計 91
4.4.5等效磁路分析 96
4.5 幾尺寸之設計 102
4.6 繞線與電氣設計 106
4.6.1繞組設計與繞線因數 106
4.6.2電氣設計 111
4.7 充磁電流與充磁機之檢驗匹配 115
4.8 效率之檢驗與計算 120
第五章 有限元素分析模擬 123
5.1 模擬流程 124
5.2 PMSA特性模擬 124
5.2.1磁場分佈 124
5.2.2磁交鏈與反電動勢常數模擬 126
5.2.3頓轉轉矩與穩態轉矩模擬 129
5.3後充磁特性模擬 131
5.3.1充磁磁通分佈與充磁角度位置模擬 131
5.3.2不同磁鐵飽和度模擬 134
第六章 實驗量測與結果討論 135
6.1 PMSA實作 135
6.2 實驗方法與步驟 136
6.2.1 馬達模式量測實驗 137
6.2.2發電機模式量測實驗 139
6.2.3 後充磁量測實驗 140
6.3 實驗與量測結果 143
6.3.1 反電動勢波形量測 143
6.3.2 馬達模式下之T-N曲線 147
6.3.3 發電機模式之規格與效率 148
6.3.4 後充磁之實驗結果 151
第七章 結論與建議 161
參考文獻 163
附錄A 燒結釹鐵硼主要性能參數表 167
附錄B中鋼電磁鋼片主要性能與規格表 169
附錄C矽鋼片35CS250主要性能與規格表 170
附錄D起動發電機定子加工圖面 171
附錄E起動發電機轉子加工圖面 172
附錄F起動發電機轉軸加工圖面 173
自述 174

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