臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在製備PP/PP-g-silane/glass fiber複合材料，並探討其物理性質之改變。複合材料的製備先使用DCP (Dicumyl peroxide)為起始劑，VTMS (Vinyl TrimethoxySilane)當偶聯劑（Coupling agent），製備PP-g-silane偶合劑，再與PP及glass fiber摻混。PP-g-silane偶合劑的鑑定藉由紅外線光譜儀（FT-IR）及凝膠率測試鑑定；微觀結構分析則由掃描式電子顯微鏡（FE-SEM）來觀察聚丙烯與glass fiber的介面黏著性；機械性質則以萬能拉力試驗機測試。之後針對單臂燈桿受風荷載時根部所承受之應力、燈具與燈桿接合介面之應力、燈桿與基礎接合介面之應力及燈桿開口處之應力進行計算，以評估材料是否達到製作燈桿之要求。
實驗結果顯示經由FT-IR分析與凝膠率測試結果確定Silane確實接枝於PP 上且具有交聯的能力。經掃描式電子顯微鏡（FE-SEM）觀察有添加偶合劑之系統，可看出纖維表面黏結之樹酯變多且纖維被拔出的現象有明顯的減少。由抗張試驗可發現，以PP-g-Silane當作聚丙烯與玻璃纖維之間的偶合劑，可以改善PP/GF摻混後的機械性質。
應力計算顯示，當燈桿受17級風時，根部所承受之應力為11.2 MPa，繞度為44.8 mm；夾具螺桿對燈桿所產生之應力為1.7 MPa；接地螺桿對燈桿所產生之應力為0.3 MPa；開口處所承受之應力為15.9 MPa。
由上述結果可知，以PP-g-Silane當作偶合劑加入PP/glass fiber複合材料時，可提高機械性質，且當燈桿標高為3000 mm，直徑為150 mm，厚度為25 mm時，所需應力並無超過材料之值。

In this article, we aimed to prepare PP / PP-g-silane / glass fiber composite materials, and to observe variations of the physical properties. The grafting of VTMS on PP in the presence of DCP was carried out in a melt process, and then by the mixing of which with PP and glass fiber. By the FT-IR spectroscopy, we will confirm the silane was essentially grafted onto PP. Through the degree of crosslinking measurement, we confirmed the coupling agent reacted with glass fiber. Microstructure analysis by scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) was used to observe the interface between polypropylene and glass fiber adhesion. By measuring tensile testing ,we made stress calculations based on single-arm pole.
Form FT-IR and degree of crosslinking, we have confirmed the silane was essentially grafted and has the ability to crosslink. SEM of the fracture surfaces of the coupled composites shows a good adhesion at the fiber/PP interface. The tensile modulus values and tensile strength values of the composites coupled by the macromolecular coupling agent PP-g-Silane, are higher than those of the non-coupled materials form tensile test.
Stress calculations show that when the poles are upon the 17 level wind, the roots are exposed to the stress of 11.2 MPa, and the deflection is 44.8 mm. Clamp on the light poles generate for the 1.7 MPa. The screw between ground and pole are generated for the 0.3 MPa. Openings are exposed to the stress of 15.9 MPa.
From the above results, the PP-g-Silane as a coupling agent by adding PP / glass fiber composite materials, can significantly improve the mechanical properties. With a pole of 3000 mm high, and 150mm diameter, and 25mm thickness, the required stress did not exceed the critical value of linear elasticity, and can be fully recovered after the wind stop blowing.

中文摘要 i
英文摘要 iii
誌謝 v
目次 vi
圖目錄 ix
表目錄 ix
符號說明 xii
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究動機與目的 1
1-2 聚丙烯的歷史與發展 2
1-3 聚丙烯化學改質 9
1-3-1 聚丙烯交聯方法與發展 9
1-4 玻璃纖維 15
1-4-1 玻璃纖維的種類 15
1-4-2 玻璃纖維抽絲過程 16
第二章 文獻與理論回顧 18
2-1 矽烷接枝聚烯烴 18
2-2 燈桿荷載 20
2-2-1 風、風力、風速和風壓 20
2-2-2 風速風壓關係式 20
2-2-3 基本風壓和基本風速 21
2-2-4 順風向風荷載表達式 21
2-3 應力分析 24
2-3-1 彎曲應力 24
2-3-2 彎曲應力公式推導 26
2-3-3 扭轉剪應力 28
2-3-4 樑之撓曲方程式 31
2-3-5 平面應力 33
2-3-6 最大主應力與最大剪應力 35
2-3-7 平面應力莫爾圓 36
第三章 實驗材料與設備 38
3-1 實驗藥品 38
3-2 實驗儀器 40
3-3 實驗架構 42
3-4 樣品製備 43
3-4-1 混煉 43
3-4-2 熱壓試片 43
3-4-3 水交聯 43
3-4-4 PP與SILANE 及玻纖之反應機構 44
第四章 結果與討論 46
4-1 結構鑑定 46
4-1-1 FT-IR分析 46
4-1-2 凝膠率測試 49
4-2 熱分析 51
4-2-1 DSC熱性質分析 52
4-3 機械性質 54
4-3-1 拉伸測試 54
4-4 微觀結構分析 61
4-5 燈桿結構分析 64
4-5-1 燈桿構型條件 64
4-5-2 燈桿根部應力檢核 71
4-5-3 燈具與燈桿接合介面應力檢核 75
4-5-4 燈桿與基礎接合介面應力檢核 77
4-5-5 燈桿開口處應力檢核 79
第五章 結論 82
參考文獻 83

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