臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要著重在個人層次的分析且其目的主要以非正式組織為中介變項，探討正式組織如何影響個人績效。過去研究顯示，社會網路能夠在很多層面運作，從家庭到國家層面；並且也扮演著關鍵作用。因此，本研究結合了社會網絡分析法；以個人於組織中結構位置向內中心性(in-degree centrality)探討正式組織、非正式組織與個人績效之間的關係。其衡量方式為正式組織包含了個人於組織中「工作流程網絡」、而非正式組織包含了個人於組織中「諮詢網絡」、「友誼網絡」、「阻礙網絡(hindrance)」及個人績效包含「角色內工作績效(in-role) 」和「角色外工作績效( extra-role)」。
本研究利用量化的研究方法為主軸，針對埔基醫院的員工進行問卷調查。本研究收集了123份問卷，並先以UCINET VI進行網絡分析，然後用SPSS 20數據資料進行回歸分析，以考驗研究假設。其研究結果發現正式組織的工作流程網絡與個人績效的角色內工作績效之間受到非正式組織的工作諮詢網絡、友誼網絡及阻礙網絡的中介影響。另外，正式組織的工作流程網絡與個人績效的角色外工作績效之間僅受到非正式組織的友誼網絡的中介影響。
根據以上研究發現，本研究提出進一步的討論，並提供應用上之建議及未來之研究方向。

This study focuses on individual level and aims to investigate how formal organization can affect individual performance, with informal organization as the mediator. It integrates Social Network Analysis in exploring the relationship among formal organization, informal organization and individual performance by measuring centrality of an individual within organization. The measurement of each dimension is as follows: formal organization includes workflow network, while informal organization includes advice network, friendship network, and hindrance network. On the other hand, individual performance includes in-role behavior and extra-role behavior.
This research utilizes qualitative analysis by collecting questionnaires on 123 employees of Puli Christian Hospital. The retrieved data is then empirically verified by UCINET VI to analyze its network data and SPSS 20 to do a regression analysis to test the research hypotheses. The results support the mediating role of advice network, friendship network, and hindrance network between workflow network of formal organization and in-role behavior of individual performance. It also finds that only friendship network plays the mediating role between workflow network of formal organization and extra-role behavior of individual performance. Based on the results, further discussions were presented with future suggestion for research directions.

Chapter 1 Introduction 1
1.1 Research Background and Motivation 1
1.2 Research Objective 3
1.3 Research Scope 4
1.4 Research Process 5
Chapter 2 Literature Review 6
2.1 Formal and Informal organization 6
2.2 Social Network Theory 10
2.2.1 Definition 10
2.2.2 Types of network 13
2.2.3 The Relation of Social Network Theory and Formal Organization 18
2.2.4 The Relation of Social Network Theory and Informal Organization 19
2.3 Individual Performance 22
2.4 The Mediating Role of Informal Organization between Formal Organization and Individual Performance 24
Chapter 3 Research Framework and Hypothesis 26
3.1 Research Framework 26
3.2 Hypothesis Development 27
3.2.1 The Relation of Formal Organization to Informal Organization and Individual Performance 27
3.2.1.1 Work-flow network 27
3.2.2 The Relation of Informal Organization to Individual Performance 28
3.2.2.1 Advice network 28
3.2.2.2 Friendship network 29
3.2.2.3 Hindrance network 29
3.2.3 Mediating Effects of Informal Organization 30
Chapter 4 Research Methodology 33
4.1. Sample and Data Collection 33
4.2. Measures and scale 37
4.2.1 Formal and Informal Organization 37
4.2.2 Individual performance 39
4.3. Research Methodology 40
4.3.1 Descriptive Statistic 40
4.3.2 Reliability Analysis 40
4.3.3 Validity Analysis 40
4.3.4 Network Analysis (In-degree centrality) 41
4.3.5 Linear Regression 42
Chapter 5 Empirical Results 43
5.1. Descriptive Statistic 43
5.2. Reliability Analysis 45
5.3. Validity Analysis 46
5.4. Regression Analysis 49
5.5. Robustness Test-Moderator Effects 58
Chapter 6 Conclusion 62
6.1 Research Conclusions 62
6.1.1 The relationship of Formal Organization to Informal Organization and Individual Performance 63
6.1.2 The relationship of Informal Organization to Individual Performance 64
6.1.3 Mediating Effects of Informal Organization 65
6.2 Research Implications and Contributions 65
6.2.1 Theory contribution 65
6.2.2 Managerial Implications 65
6.3 Research Limitation and Suggestions for Further Research 66
References 68

Chinese

雄瑞梅. (1995). 社會網絡的資料收集、測量及分析，社會調查與分析（章英華等主編）：315-357.中央研究院民族所出版.
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English

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