臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文之目的在建立輪軌互制及其振動之理論模式，並以國內目前已有之各式軌道及列車作相關之動態分析。將等間距軌枕上之鋼軌視為週期性支撐樑，利用輪軌互制理論對台灣現有之各式列車如台鐵、台北捷運及台灣高鐵擬採用之列車車輛，台鐵及台北捷運軌道系統及軌床基礎等，進行各種動態反應之探討分析。另外，並對台北捷運鋼軌進行貼覆阻尼材後，其振動反應之軟體模擬及實物實驗對照，以求軌道在防振降噪各方面設計之最佳化。
在車輪與軌道方面，以有限元素分析軟體ANSYS對各式不同之車輪與鋼軌進行模態分析(Modal Analysis)及簡諧分析(Harmonic Analysis)，首先由模態分析求得各車輪、鋼軌之自然振動頻率及其相對應之模態。再由簡諧分析，求得各結構物之導納函數，分析在一單位簡諧外力激振下，施力點到量測點之間的振動傳遞行為。
在車體、轉向架與鋼軌間之動態反應，本文利用美國MDI公司所發展之ADAMS動態機構模擬軟體，對列車行進中之各結構物件進行分析，探討列車在不同的軌道、不同的速度時，其所受的動態反應有何變化。並分析列車輪軌接觸點之受力反應，觀察輪軌交互作用力之影響。此外亦同時分析列車之蠕動現象，脫軌商數，及軌道不平整之影響等狀況。
另外，為探討列車行進時輻射之噪音，本文利用歐洲鐵道研究學會（ERRI）及其他相同研究團體共同發展出來的一套低噪音輪軌系統設計之應用軟體TWINS，來探討輪軌噪音之來源及相關之補救措施。分析過程中可求得輪軌激振點之聲功率及整個系統在特定位置所輻射出之音壓，同時亦可求得車輪與鋼軌之導納函數、波數…..等相關動態特性。

The aim of this thesis is to establish the theoretical model of the rail-wheel interaction and the induced vibrations. The dynamic analyses regarding all kinds of the existing rail and train in our country have been carried out. The rail on the equidistant sleepers can be considered as a periodically supported beam. Using the theory of rail-wheel interaction, the analyses of the diversely dynamic responses of the train wheels and rails which are installed by the Taiwan Railway, the Taiwan Rapid Transit and the Taiwan High Speed Rail etc., are undertaken. Besides, the effect of damping material on the vibration and noise attenuation of the rail of Taipei Rapid Transit, has been characterized. Comparison of the vibration responses by the software-simulation and the experimental measurement to the rail entity, has been made to ascertain the optimal design of the countermeasure in using the damping layer technique.
The model analysis and harmonic analysis of the rails and wheels are undertaken by the finite element analysis software ANSYS. Firstly, the natural frequencies of and the relevant natural modes of each pair of wheels and rail are obtained by the Modal Analysis. Then, the receptance function representing the vibration transmission behavior from a driving point with unit harmonic force to a receiving point can be analyzed by the Harmonic Analysis.
Regarding to the dynamic responses of each mechanical components of a moving train such as car body, bogie and rail, the software ADAMS, i.e., Automatic Dynamic Analysis of Mechanical Systems , developed by Mechanical Dynamic Incorporated track systems, is used to perform the analysis for the cases of different rail track systems and different moving velocities of train. Also, the influences of train creepage and rail roughness on the interaction at the contacting point between rail and wheel and the derailment quotient are discussed.
In addition, to discuss the radiating noise from a moving train, the software TWINS,i.e.,Track-Wheel Interaction Noise Software, which is developed by the European Rail Research Institute and some related groups for low noise tracks systems, is applied to analyse the source and discuss to the related remedy measures for the noise. In the process of the analysis, the sound power of the exciting source point and the radiated sound pressure at some specified location in the system can be attained. Meanwhile, the dynamic characteristics like the receptances, the wave number, and the relevant properties system can be obtained as well.

中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
目錄 III
圖目錄 V
表目錄 XV
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究動機與背景 1
1-2 文獻回顧 2
1-3 研究目的與範圍 5
第二章 輪軌交互作用之振動模式 9
2-1 輪軌接觸面相對位移輸入模式 9
2-2 輪軌接觸面外力激振模式 12
第三章 輪軌及接觸介面區域之導納函數分析 14
3-1 鋼軌之導納函數 分析 14
3-1.1 波數計算 16
3-1.2 導納函數 分析 18
3-2 車輪之導納函數 分析 19
3-3 輪軌接觸區域的導納函數 分析 21
第四章 輪軌系統激振模型 24
4-1 脈衝型激振模型 24
4-2 諧波型激振模型 32
4-3 動力型不平順模型 38
第五章 鋼軌、車輪之自然振動與導納函數分析 41
5-1 鋼軌之振動特性分析 41
5-1.1 台鐵鋼軌之振動特性分析 42
5-1.2 台北捷運鋼軌（UIC60）之振動特性分析 50
5-1.3 台北捷運鋼軌黏貼阻尼層之阻抗函數分析 58
5-2 鋼輪之振動特性分析 73
5-2.1 台鐵自強號機車、客車鋼輪之振動特性分析 73
5-2.2 台北捷運西門子系統、川崎系統鋼輪之振動特性分析 91
5-2.3 台北捷運川崎系統鋼輪加輪軸之振動特性分析 107
5-3 高鐵日系列車鋼輪之自然振動分析結果 117
5-4 各式列車鋼輪之自然頻率比較 126
第六章 車體行進時之振動反應分析結果 132
6-1 使用軟體簡介 132
6-2 輸入資料及分析範圍說明 134
6-2.1 車體輸入資料 134
6-2.2 軌道輸入資料 139
6-3 ADAMS車體動態反應分析結果 141
6-3.1 彎道時輪軌間接觸力之分析結果 143
6-3.2 彎道時轉向架振動反應之分析結果 154
6-4 ADAMS_MPW模型於彎軌時不同速度之狀況比較分析 171
6-5 分析結果與參數間之現象討論 185
第七章 輪軌交互作用產生噪音之分析結果 187
7-1 使用軟體簡介 187
7-2 TWINS使用標準及相關輸入資料說明 189
7-3 分析結果說明 194
第八章 結論與未來研究方向 203
8-1 結論 203
8-2 未來研究方向 206
參考文獻 207

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