臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文主旨在研究一大功率，可調變輸出電壓，且具有高效率，低漣波率及低電壓調整率之切換式直流電源供應器。整個系統包括一三相波寬調變交流電壓控制器、一三相隔離變壓器以及直流輸出側主動式補償濾波器。
三相波寬調變切換式交流電壓控制器負責調整輸出電壓之大小。透過變壓器將交流電源側與直流負載側隔離，並利用其電感效應濾去大部分的高頻諧波成分。而直流輸出主動式補償濾波器負責補償及減少被動式LC濾波電路無法消除之低頻輸出電壓漣波。系統中使用80196MC單晶片微處理器配合適切之軟體，完成韌體架構，以達到低電壓調整率之期望。
本文中，在硬體及軟體適切的配合之下，完成一切換式直流電源供應器。可操作於0V∼130V之可調電壓輸出，15KW之輸出功率，且效率可達90％以上及電壓調整率與漣波因數皆低於1.0％之特性。

The purpose of this thesis is to develop a high output power, adjustable switching-mode DC power supply with high efficiency, low ripple factor, and low voltage regulation. The system consists of a 3φ AC controller, a 3φisolating transformer, and DC output active compensating filters.
The 3φ switching-mode AC controller with PWM control takes charge of the variable output voltage. A 3φ transformer used for isolating the load and source, and filtering out high frequency harmonics by its inductance effect. The DC output active compensating filter takes charges of compensating and reducing the low frequency ripple voltage that is hard filtered by classical passive LC filter. Finally a single-chip microprocessor 80196MC, with proper software is used to implement the control scheme of the system and accomplish the expectation of the low voltage regulation.
In the thesis, the designs of hardware structure and software algorithm are established, the proposed switching-mode DC power supply may operate at 15KW and 0V∼130V adjustable output voltage, the efficiency is greater than 90%, voltage regulation and ripple factor are both less than 1.0%.

CONTENTS
page
ABSTRACT (In English) I
ABSTRACT (In Chinese) II
ACKNOWLEDGMENT III
CONTENTS IV
LIST OF FIGURES VII
LIST OF TABLES X
CHAPTER1 INTRODUCTION 1
1.1 Motivation 1
1.2 Organization of the thesis 3
CHAPTER 2 BASIC CONCEPTS OF AC CHOPPER AND DC CONVERTER 5
2.1 Operation Principle of AC controller 5
2.1.1 Principle of Phase-Angle Control 6
2.1.2 AC controller with PWM Technique 8
2.1.3 Comparison of Phase Control and PWM Control 10
2.1.4 Three-phase AC controller 12
2.2 Switching Mode Buck Converter 14
CHAPATER 3 ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF THE SYSTEM 17
3.1 Configuration of the Power Circuit 17
3.2 Mathematical Analysis of the System 18
3.2.1 Analysis of AC chopper 18
3.2.2 Analysis of Rectified Voltage with Chopping
in AC line 22
3.2.3 Selection of Inductor and Capacitor 27
3.2.4 Tactic of DC Ripple reduction 29
3.2.4.1 Active Compensating Filter 30
3.2.4.2 Coupled Inductance Filtering Circuit 32
CHAPTER 4 HARDWARE STRUCTURE AND SOFTWARE ALGORITHM 35
4.1 Hardware Structure of the Whole System 35
4.1.1 IGBT Drive Circuit 35
4.1.2 Voltage and Current Sensing Circuit 37
4.1.3 Zero-Crossed Sensing Circuit 38
4.1.4 Microcontroller 39
4.2 Software Algorithm 44
CHAPTER 5 EXPERIMENTAL RESULT 47
5.1 Experimental Results of the Output Characteristics 47
5.2 Voltage Regulation of the Power Supply 54
CHAPTER 6 CONCLUSION 59
REFERENCES 60

[1] G. Spiazzi, D. Tagliavia, and S. Spampinato, “DC-DC flyback converters in the critical conduction mode: a re-examination,” Industry Applications Conference Record of the IEEE, Vol.4 , pp. 2426 —2432, 2000.
[2] D.A. Ruiz-Caballero, and I. Barbi, “A new flyback-current-fed push-pull DC-DC converter,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.14, pp.1056 —1064, Nov. 1999.
[3] D. Czarkowski, and M.K. Kazimierczuk, “Application of state feedback with integral control to pulse-width modulated push-pull DC-DC convertor,” IEE Proceedings- Control Theory and Applications, Vol.141, pp.99 —103, March 1994.
[4] M. Brunoro, and J.L.F. Vieira, “A high-performance ZVS full-bridge DC-DC 0-50-V/0-10-A power supply with phase-shift control,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.14, pp.495 —505, May 1999.
[5] C.J. Tseng, and C.L. Chen, “Novel ZVT-PWM Converters with Active Snubbers,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.13, September 1998.
[6] H. Aigner, K. Dierberger, and D. Grafham, “Improving the full-bridge phase-shift ZVT converter for failure-free operation under extreme conditions in welding and similar applications,” Industry Applications Conference, IEEE Thirty-Third IAS Annual Meeting. Vol.2 , pp.1341 —1348, 1998.
[7] G. Hua, E.X. Yang, Y. Jiang, and F.C. Lee, “Novel zero-current-transition PWM converters Guichao,” IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, Vol.9, pp.601 -606, Nov. 1994.
[8] M. Castilla, L. Garcfa De Vicufia, M. Lopes, O. Lopes and J. Majo, “An Electronic Transformer with Variable Conversion Ratio,” IECON '98 in Proc. Industrial Electronics Society Conference (IECON '98), Vol.2, pp.802-807, 1998.
[9] R. Kasperek, G. Kobylecki, and R. Strzelecki, “Research of 3-Phase AC/AC Controller with Bipolar PWM and High Frequency Transformer,” in Proc. IEEE International Symposium on Industrial Electronics (ISIE '99), Vol.2, pp.695-699, 1999.
[10] L. Salazar, F.C. Vasquez, and E. Wiechmann, “On the characteristics of a PWM AC controller using four switches,” Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC '93 Record), pp.307 —313, 1993.
[11] J.H. Youm, and B.H. Kwon, “Switching technique for current-controlled AC-to-AC converters,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol.46, pp.309 —318, April 1999.
[12] G. Joos, and P.D. Ziogas, “A PWM AC controller-based high current power supply,” Proceedings of the International Conference on Power Electronics and Motion Control, Vol.1, pp.554 —559, 1992.
[13] P.N. Enjeti, and S. Choi, “An approach to realize higher power PWM AC controller,” in Proc. Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC '93), pp.323 —327, 1993.
[14] E.P. Trabach, P.F.S. Amaral, D.S.L. Simonetti, and J.L.F. Vieira, “A stabilized single phase electronic autotransformer,” in Proc. Industrial Electronics Society Conference (IECON '99), Vol.1, pp.222 —227, 1999.
[15] Muhammed H.Rashid, Power Electronics circuit, devices, and Application. London: Prentice-Hall, Inc.,1998.
[16] Andrzej M. and Trzynadlowski, Introduction to Modern power Electronics. New York: John WILEY & SONS, Inc., 1998.
[17] N.A. Ahmed, K. Amei, and M. Sakui, “A new configuration of single-phase symmetrical PWM AC chopper voltage controller,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol.46, pp.942-952, Oct. 1999.
[18] Daniel W Hart, Introduction to Power Electronics, London : Prentice-Hall, Inc.,1997.
[19] Georeg C. Chryssis, High-frequency switching power supplied Theory and Design, New York: McGraw-Hill, Inc.,1989.
[20] M. Zhu; D.J. Perreault, V. Caliskan, T.C. Neugebauer, S. Guttowski, and J.G. Kassal, “Design and evaluation of an active ripple filter with Rogowski-coil current sensing,” Power Electronics Specialists Conference(PESC 99), Vol.2, pp.874 —880, 1999.
[21] D.C. Hamill, and P.T. Krein, “A 'zero' ripple technique applicable to any DC converter,” Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC 99), Vol.2, pp.1165 —1171, 1999.
[22] J.W. Kolar, H. Sree, N. Mohan, and F.C. Zach, “Novel aspects of an application of 'zero'-ripple techniques to basic converter topologies,” Power Electronics Specialists Conference (PESC '97), Vol.1, pp.796 —803, 1999.
[23] K. Hirachi, S. Komiyama, Y. Tomokuni, amd I. Morimoto, “A novel active power filtering converter with DC ripple compensation and its specific control implementations,” Telecommunications Energy Conference, pp.582 —587, 1999.
[24] S. Senini, and P.J. Wolfs, “The coupled inductor filter: analysis and design for AC systems,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol.45, pp.574 —578, Aug. 1998
[25] F.M.P. Hidalgo, J.R.H. Larmbia, and J.L.D. Pat, “Ripple reduction in DC line of a PWM drive by direct reinjection,” IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, Vol.47, pp.971 —973, Aug. 2000.
[26] Fuji IGBT Application Manual, Fuji corporation, 1989.
[27] D.A. Williams, “Optocoupler selection for high frequency power supplies,” IEEE APEC Conf, pp.90-95, March, 1995.
[28] HALL CURRENT SENSOR, Nana Electronics Co., 1994.
[29] 8XC196MC/MD/MH microconcroller User’s Manual, Intel corporation, 1995.