臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　超臨界狀態下的CO2兼具氣相和液相特性，具有高溶解力及高擴散性，萃取後的殘留溶劑將蒸發成為CO2氣體，減少溶劑殘留，故以此作為樣品萃取溶劑。而現今化妝品除潤澤髮膚、修飾容貌外，常具有延遲肌膚老化與修飾老化肌膚的功能；其中造成肌膚老化的原因，以自由基造成的氧化傷害為重要因素，紫外線會產生自由基外，亦會造成光老化。因此本研究之目的在於開發具抗氧化及防曬等功能之中藥以應用於皮膚保養品。
　　本研究將菟絲子以超臨界二氧化碳流體萃取，藉由改變超臨界流體之溫度、壓力與修飾劑，討論抗氧化力，並以高效液相層析儀分析萃取物之抗氧化成分及其含量；再以最佳化萃取條件萃取內含菟絲子之益元七寶丹複方，以複方增進不同機制之抗氧化能力，討論其抗氧化能力，並製作成乳霜，以評估超臨界流體於中草藥有效成分萃取及抗氧化化妝保養品添加劑之開發。
　　研究結果顯示，菟絲子在60℃、5000psi且以乙醇為修飾劑之萃取條件下，具有較佳抗氧化能力，DPPH自由基清除率：61.7%，紫外線吸收能力在UVA及UVB波段達97%以上，經HPLC分析後，含有山奈酚27.2 ppm、槲皮素2.66 ppm，經DPPH清除能力測試後，山奈酚與槲皮素之清除能力分別為維生素C之1.1及0.7倍。複方益元七寶丹之最佳化萃取條件為溫度55℃、壓力5500 psi並以乙醇做為修飾劑，最佳化萃取後DPPH自由基清除率：79.2%，亞鐵離子螯合率：72.7%，還原力：1.82，紫外線吸收能力在UVA及UVB波段達98%以上，製作成乳霜後，皆能通過安定性、安全性及有效性測試，具有開發成為化妝保養品添加劑之潛力。

Carbon dioxide in a supercritical state under both gas and liquid properties. It has a high solubility and high diffusivity. After extraction of the residual solvent evaporated to carbon dioxide gas. So use this method as sample extraction method. Today cosmetics not only moisturize the skin, modified appearance, but also has to slow skin aging and modification skin functions. Which causes skin aging, free radicals cause oxidative damage to important factors, ultraviolet radiation produces free radicals, but also cause photoaging. So the purpose of this study is to develop an antioxidant and sunscreen, and other functions of traditional Chinese medicine to apply to skin care products.
　　In this study, supercritical carbon dioxide fluid extraction Cuscuta active ingredients, by changing the conditions of supercritical fluids, such as temperature, pressure and modifier, to discuss its antioxidant capacity and HPLC analysis of extracts of anti-oxidants and contents; then the best compound extraction conditions of extraction Ye-Yuan-Qi-Bao-Dan discuss its antioxidant capacity, and made into cream, to assess the supercritical fluid extraction and antioxidant additives, cosmetic products developed in the herbal active ingredients.
The results showed that the Cuscuta has better antioxidant capacity in extraction conditions 60 degrees Celsius, 5000psi and ethanol as modifier. DPPH radical scavenging rate: 61.7%, the UV absorption band were at UVA and UVB, ultraviolet absorption rate of more than 97%, after HPLC analysis, containing kaempferol phenol 27.2 ppm, 2.66 ppm quercetin. Kaempferol and quercetin which DPPH radical scavenging capacity of 1.1 and 0.7 times the vitamin C of. Formula of Ye-Yuan-Qi-Bao-Dan optimized extraction conditions was temperature 55 degrees Celsius, pressure 5500 psi and ethanol as modifier. After optimizing the extraction DPPH radical scavenging rate: 79.2%, ferrous ion chelating rate: 72.7%, reducing power: 1.823, total flavonoid content: 21.3 ppm, the UV absorption band were at UVA and UVB, ultraviolet absorption rate of more than 97%, making after a cream, able through stability, safety and effectiveness testing. Can be developed into a potential cosmetic products additives.

致謝 I
摘要 II
Abstract III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VII
圖目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 1
第二節 研究目的 1
第二章 文獻回顧 2
第一節 研究題材 2
一、 菟絲子 2
二、 益元七寶丹 2
三、 山奈酚及槲皮素 4
第二節 超臨界流體 6
一、 超臨界相定義 6
二、 二氧化碳超臨界流體 8
三、 溫度及壓力之影響 10
四、 修飾劑之影響 11
第三節 皮膚老化與自由基 13
一、 自然老化 13
二、 外在環境影響 13
三、 抗氧化物 15
四、 抗氧化試驗 16
五、 皮膚與紫外線 18
第四節 田口實驗計畫法 21
一、 實驗方式 21
二、 品質特性與實驗因子 22
三、 品質損失函數 24
四、 田口直交表 25
第三章 材料與方法 26
第一節 實驗設計 26
第二節 實驗流程 27
第三節 實驗材料 28
一、 實驗儀器 28
二、 實驗藥品 31
第四節 實驗方法 33
一、 超臨界流體萃取 33
二、 DPPH自由基清除能力 37
三、 亞鐵離子螯合能力 38
四、 還原力 39
五、 總類黃酮含量測試 40
六、 HPLC分析菟絲子中山奈酚及槲皮素含量 41
七、 防曬能力測試之紫外光吸收 42
八、 乳霜製備 42
九、 乳霜之安定性實驗 43
十、 乳霜之安全性實驗 44
十一、 乳霜之有效性實驗 45
第四章 結果與討論 46
第一節 菟絲子超臨界二氧化碳萃取物之活性 46
一、 抗氧化活性 46
二、 抗氧化成分含量 49
三、 紫外線吸收能力 50
第二節 指標成分含量 51
一、 山奈酚含量 51
二、 槲皮素含量 53
第三節 影響有效性之成分 55
第四節 益元七寶丹之最佳化萃取 57
第五節 最佳萃取條件下之活性 62
第六節 化妝品測試 65
一、 安定性測試 65
二、 安全性測試 74
三、 有效性測試 75
第五章 結論 77
參考文獻 78

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