臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究旨在探討四湖海岸木麻黃林下光度，對水黃皮、海檬果及欖仁等三種海岸林更新樹種生長表現之影響。
一年生苗木在不同光度處理孔隙內栽植試驗13個月後，其生長及形態表現結果顯示，三種更新苗木之生長量皆以相對光度100 ％（R/FR=1.25）強度處理組較佳，其苗高、根頸直徑淨生長量分別為：水黃皮苗高淨生長量62.58 ± 3.29 cm、根頸直徑淨生長量1.72 ± 0.06 cm；海檬果苗高淨生長量107.93 ± 3.47cm、根頸直徑淨生長量3.73 ± 0.11 cm；欖仁苗高淨生長量39.98 ± 2.20 cm，根頸直徑淨生長量1.40 ± 0.06 cm。而生物量的累積亦皆以相對光度100 ％（R/FR=1.25）強度處理組較佳，分別為：水黃皮475.50 ± 42.26 g、海檬果1532.00 ± 166.49 g、欖仁258.50 ± 29.70 g，且隨著光度的降低而減少其生長量及生物量的累積並與相對光度62 ％（中度）處理組（R/FR=0.99）及相對光度48 ％（弱度）處理組（R/FR=0.92）呈顯著性的差異。另在低光下則有較大的單葉面積、葉面積比及比葉面積並隨著光度的增加而減小其比值。

光度的強弱及R/FR的大小對水黃皮、海檬果及欖仁等三種更新苗木葉部組織具有顯著的影響。經SEM葉部細微構造觀察顯示，相對光度100 ％處理之葉片較厚，柵狀組織較長且密實，氣孔室呈橢圓形且氣孔數較多，低光度處理之葉片較薄，柵狀組織較短且空隙大，氣孔室呈扁長形，且氣孔數隨著相對光度的增加而增加。而葉綠素a於水黃皮、海檬果及欖仁均以低光度處理之3.07 ± 0.34 μg/g、2.72 ± 0.18 μg/g及2.05 ± 0.12 μg/g較大，葉綠素b亦以低光度處理之1.24 ± 0.12 μg/g、1.04 ± 0.08 μg/g及0.75 ± 0.04 μg/g最大，葉綠素a+b濃度同樣以低光處理之4.32 ± 0.47 μg/g、3.76 ± 0.26 μg/g及2.77 ± 0.16 μg/g最大。

三種更新苗木，皆以相對光度100 ％處理者有較高之光補償點、光飽和點及最大淨光合速率，分別為：水黃皮24.05 µmol photon
m-2 s-1、1800 µmol photon m-2 s-1、22.16 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1海檬果40.13 µmol photon m-2 s-1、1800 µmol photon m-2 s-1、19.93 µmol CO2 m-2 s-1及欖仁33.51 µmol photon m-2 s-1、1800 µmol photon m-2 s-1、19.68 µmol CO2
m-2 s-1。
本研究證實水黃皮、海檬果及欖仁具有在強光下快速生長及對低光度適應良好之特性，為台灣海岸防風林之優良造林樹種。

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different light intensities of understory on the growth of seedlings of Pongamia pinnata, Cerbera manghas, and Terminalia catappa in Shihu coastal Casuarina windbreaks.
After 13-month field test, the results revealed that all of three species seedlings treated with 100 % relative light intensity ( R/FR＝1.25 ) had the highest seedling height and net root diameter growth. The averaged seedling height and net root diameter growth of the seedlings were 62.58 ± 3.29cm and 1.72 ± 0.06cm for Pongamia pinnata; 107.93 ± 3.47 cm and 3.73 ± 0.11cm for Cerbera manghas; and 39.98 ± 2.20 cm and 1.40 ± 0.06 cm for Terminalea catappa, respectively. Seedlings of the three species grown under 100 ％relative light intensity ( R/FR=1.25 ) attained the highest biomass. The biomass seedlings of Pongamia pinnata, Cerbera manghas, and Terminalia catappa were 475.50 ± 42.26 g, 1532.00 ± 106.49 g, and 258.50 ± 29.70 g, respectively. On the other hand, there were highest enhancements in leaf area, LAR and SLA of seedlings grown under lowest light intensity. Whereas, the leaf area, LAR, and SLA of seedlings decreased as the light intensity increased.
Light intensity and R/FR had significant effect on the leaf tissues of seedlings. Ultrastructure of leaves of the 3 species showed that when the leaves were grown under 100 % relative light intensity, it became thicker, the palisade tissue turned slim and tight, and the stomata became elliptic. Under low light intensity, the leaves became thinner, the palisade tissue turned short with large gaps, and the stomata became compressed. The number of stomata decreased as the light intensity increased. The results from chlorophyll study revealed that all of the seedlings of 3 species grown under low light intensity had the highest chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and chlorophyll a+b contents in leaves. The chlorophyll a contents in leaves of Pongamia pinnata, Cerbera manghas, and Terminalia catappa were 3.07 ± 0.34 μg/g, 2.72 ± 0.18 μg/g, and 2.05 ± 0.12 μg/g, respectively. The chlorophyll b contents in leaves of Pongamia pinnata, Cerbera manghas, and Terminalia catappa were 1.24 ± 0.12 μg/g, 1.04 ± 0.08 μg/g, and 0.75 ± 0.04 μg/g, respectively. The chlorophyll a+b contents in leaves of Pongamia pinnata, Cerbera manghas, and Terminalia catappa were 4.32 ± 0.47 μg/g , 3.76 ± 0.26 μg/g, and 2.77 ± 0.16 μg/g, respectively.
The seedlings grown under 100 % relative light intensity had the highest compensation point, light saturation point and maximum photosynthesis rate. The compensation point, light saturation point, and maximum photosynthesis rate of the seedlings were 24.05μmole photon m-2s-1, 1800μmole photon m-2 s-1, and 22.16μmole CO2 m-2s-1, respectively for Pongamia pinnata; 40.13μmole photon m-2 s-1, 1800μmole photon m-2 s-1, and 19.93μmole CO2 m-2s-1, respectively for Cerbera manghas; are 33.51μmole photon m-2s-1, 1800μmole photo m-2 s-1 and 19.68μmol Co2 m-2 s-1, respectively for Terminalia catappa.
This study demonstrated that seedlings of Pongamia pinnata, Cerbera manghas, and Terminalia catappa, with characteristics of fast-growing under high light intensity and good adaptation to low light intensity, were promising tree species for reforestation of coastal windbreaks in Taiwan.

目次
中文摘要..................................................I
英文摘要................................................III
目次.....................................................V
表目次.................................................vIII
圖目次...................................................XI
壹、緖言...................................................1
貳、前人研究...............................................3
一、台灣海岸防風林造林情況及其更新特性.....................3
二、海岸林更新樹種水黃皮、海檬果及欖仁之生物特性...........4
三、光度對苗木生長及生理特性之影響.........................5
(一)光度對苗木高度及基徑生長之影響........................5
(二)光度對光合作用、氣孔導度及蒸散速率之影響..............7
(三)光度對苗木形態及生理特性之影響........................8
參、材料與方法............................................16
一、孔隙光度對水黃皮、海檬果及欖仁更新苗木生長影響之研究..16
(一)試驗地概述...........................................16
(二)研究材料.............................................17
(三)研究方法.............................................19
肆、結果..................................................26
一、孔隙光度對水黃皮、海檬果及欖仁更新苗木生長之影響......26
(一)試驗區環境因子監測結果...............................26
(二)土壤pH值及電導度測定................................27
(三)土壤化學性質分析.....................................28
(四)苗木生長量...........................................32
(五)淨光合速率測定.......................................38 (六)氣孔導度及蒸散作用...................................50
(七)苗木生長形態.........................................52
(八)苗木生理特性之研究...................................62
伍、討論................................ ................82
一、隙光度對水黃皮、海檬果及欖仁更新苗木生長之影響.......82
(一)不同孔隙光度處理擾動後，其微環境的變化...............82
(二)孔隙光度對更新苗木苗高及根頸直徑之影響...............82
(三)光度處理對苗木光合作用之影響.........................83
(四)光度處理對葉片氣孔導度及蒸散速率之影響...............84
(五)光度處理對苗木各部位乾重及生物量分配之變化...........84
(六)光度對苗木葉片形質之影響.............................85
(七)光度對苗木品質指數之影響.............................85
(八)光度對苗木生理特性之影響.............................86
陸、結論.................................................90
柒、引用文獻.............................................92

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