臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

場景設於十七世紀清教社會的《紅字》是納撒尼爾‧霍桑有名的作品之一。它敘述女主角海絲特‧普林被判需戴著象徵通姦罪的紅字A之後，她與她的女兒離群索居於郊外。在這段困苦的期間她不斷地幫助那些一開始看不起她的人。然而到最後，甚至還贏得他們的尊敬。同時，那含有負面意義的紅字A也改變為正面的意義；例如︰能力(Ability)、天使(Angel)等等。因此，許多學者與評論家一般都認為《紅字》是一部探索罪行、道德與救贖的心理分析的作品。他們認為海絲特利用之後的善舉去救贖她的罪行。但更值得注意的是在這作品的一開始，霍桑舉介於監獄與墳墓之間，湧現於女性主義先鋒者安徒‧赫金生腳下的薔薇為例，作為在嚴厲父權清教社會下萌芽的女性意識的象徵並為女性帶來希望。因此，本論文旨在以女性主義為基礎的架構上探索《紅字》中女性意識的改變與體現。
本文共分為五章。第一章為導論，介紹霍桑對於父權清教社會中男性與女性的觀點，他技巧性地將《紅字》中的主要人物分成兩個相對的類別；例如︰男性與女性、崇高與卑微、偽善與熱情以及黑暗與光亮。第二章以新英格蘭的社會與文化為背景來檢視對女性的限制與壓迫。第三章說明海絲特對於清教紀律的內化到去內化的改變與心理歷程。第四章藉由女性主義中母職的概念說明透過社會母職照顧子民的特性，不僅能夠顛覆將女人制度化的父權，並且還能夠提升發揚女性意識的發展。最後，第五章結論，透過霍桑所形塑的海絲特與書中另二位男主角的行為表現與心靈成長已經顯露了理想社會與女性意識的意象。

The Scarlet Letter, set in the seventeenth-century Puritan society, is one of Nathaniel Hawthorne’s best-known novels. Hester Prynne, the protagonist, is sentenced to wear a scarlet “A” signifying adultery as a mark of her sin. Living all alone with her daughter far from the town, but during the difficult period of her life, she still helps those people who despise her at first, but in the long run, she gains their respect. At the same time, the scarlet “A” implying a negative meaning has also changed into positive meaning, such as “able”, “angel, and so forth. For this reason, many scholars and critics would generally acknowledge that The Scarlet Letter is a work about probing into the psychoanalysis of sin and morality and salvation. They think that Hester atones for her crime of adultery by her benevolent actions. But, it is more noteworthy that the roses springing up under the footsteps of Ann Hutchinson are compared to the awaking of woman consciousness sprouting under the restrictions of the patriarchal Puritan community. Hence, this thesis aims to explore the transformation and embodiment of woman consciousness based on the theory of feminism.
There are five chapters in this thesis. The introduction presents Hawthorne’s perspective about men and women in the patriarchal Puritan society. Hawthorne skillfully divides the characters in this work into two opposite groups such as male and female, high authority and low people, hypocrisy and enthusiasm, and darkness and brightness. In the second chapter, I would like to examine the restrictions and repressions from social and cultural background of New England on women. The third chapter illustrates the Hester’s psychological change from internalization to de-internalization of the Puritan disciplines. In the fourth chapter, I would like to use the concept of motherhood to explain the function of social motherhood. This concept is not merely able to reverse the patriarchy institutionalizing women but also promote the development of woman consciousness. Finally, the fifth chapter presents a conclusion of the thesis. It is through the conducts and spirit of Hester and the other two men, Dimmesdale and Chillingworth to reveal the ideal society and woman consciousness.

Chapter One:Introduction…………………………………1
Chapter Two:Social and Cultural Background of New England………16
Chapter Three:Hester’s Inner Deconstruction and Construction……35
Chapter Four:Biological Motherhood and Social Motherhood………55
Chapter Five:Conclusion…………………………………74
Works Cited…………………………………………………79

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