臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

冷流效應(Draught or Draft)可定義為人體因周遭氣流運動所造成人體局部過冷的現象，冷流效應通常是空調環境中，造成人體不舒適之主要的原因之一。室內空調氣流的特性會影響人體對氣流運動反應程度，其所產生的冷流效應而造成人體不舒適性息息相關。由歐美國家的研究結果得知，冷流效應所引起之不舒適性的主要因素包括氣流的平均速度、平均溫度、紊流強度、方向性以及波動頻率，當氣流的波動頻率在0.2 - 0.6 Hz的範圍時，其所產生的冷流效應對人體所造成的不舒適性最大。本論文以理論分析與CFD數值模擬方法探討人體四周的環境溫度變化對皮下溫度影響，進而分析溫度變化對人體熱舒適性的影響。最後配合實驗量測分離式空調機之室內空調氣流波動頻率分佈，並探討其波動頻率與冷流效應之不舒適性的關係，由實驗結果得知，分離式空調機之室內空調氣流波動頻率大部份分佈在人體感到不舒適的頻率範圍內。

Draft can be defined as an unwanted feeling owing to locally convective cooling of human body caused by air movement. Usually, it is one of the main reasons to make people feel uncomfortable in an air-conditioning environment. Therefore, the discomfort caused by draft has close relation with people’s sensation on the indoor airflow characteristics. According to the studies of American and European countries, it is known that the main factors to cause draft include mean velocity, mean temperature, turbulence intensity, direction and fluctuating frequency of airflow. When the airflow frequency of fluctuation falls between 0.2 and 0.6Hz, the extent of discomfort caused by draft reaches the maximum. In this study, experimental results regarding to the distribution of airflow frequency of fluctuation generated by the split-type air-conditioner is discussed. Also, the relation of fluctuating frequency of airflow and draft is outlined. According to the experimental investigation, most frequency of fluctuation falls in the range of discomfort. In addition, both theoretical and CFD methods are used to investigate the sensation of people’s skin temperature on the changes of environmental temperatures. The relation of the change of skin temperature and thermal comfort is also discussed.

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
致 謝 iii
目 錄 iv
圖 目 錄 vi
表 目 錄 ix
符號說明 x
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 研究目的 4
第二章 熱舒適度模型與指標 5
2.1 人體之能量平衡 5
2.2 熱舒適度及不滿意度的預測指標 10
第三章 氣流效應對人體熱舒適性影響 13
3.1 室內空調氣流特性 13
3.2 冷流效應與不舒適性之關係 19
3.3 人體皮膚對冷流效應之感受 22
第四章 解析解與數值解之比較 26
4.1 解析解 26
4.2 數值模擬 33
4.2.1 操作軟體簡介 33
4.2.2 理論分析 34
第五章 使用分離式冷氣機房間的冷流效應之探討 54
5.1 設備和實驗的方法 54
5.2 結果和討論 56
第六章 結論與建議 63
6.1 研究結論 63
6.2 研究成果 64
6.3 後續研究建議 65
參考文獻 66
APPENDIX A 68

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