臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究使用10 wt% PVDF-HFP (polyvinylidene difluoride)膠化染料敏化太陽能電池的液態電解質，並利用奈米碳材的添加來解決電池效率下降的問題。本研究使用的奈米碳材為經過混酸(硝酸：硫酸= 3：1)改質過的奈米碳管及石墨烯兩種，並探討其混摻比例對離子擴散係數與TiO2染料敏化太陽能電池元件光電轉換效率的影響。結果顯示，使用10 wt% PVDF-HFP膠化電解質會導致電池效率下降，添加適量奈米碳材，無論是奈米碳管或石墨烯，皆對電池效率有明顯的助益，甚至超過液態電池元件之效率。在含碘(I2)的情況下，添加奈米碳管有較好的效果，含有0.5 wt%奈米碳管的半固態電池元件的光電轉換效率為8.15 %，高於液態電池元件之效率7.50 %，而且相較於不含奈米碳管之半固態電池元件效率6.99 %，增加了17%。在無碘(I2-free)的情況下，混摻石墨烯的效果較佳，添加1.0 wt%石墨烯時，電池元件的光電轉換效率達 8.14 %，相較於不含奈米碳材之無碘膠態電池元件效率6.32%，光電轉換效率上升了29%，也比液態電池元件之效率6.61%高出許多。

In this study, acetonitrile-based liquid electrolytes were gelated with 10 wt% PVDF-HFP (polyvinylidene difluoride) for quasi-solid state dye-sensitized solar cells. Two different types of carbon nanomarterials, i.e., multi-walled carbon nanotube (MWCNT) and graphene, were employed to enhance the conductivity and thus the power conversion efficiency of TiO2 DSSCs. Both types of carbon nanomarterials were treated with a mixed acid (nitric acid : sulfuric acid = 3 : 1) before use. The results show that gelling the electrolytes with 10 wt% PVDF-HFP led to a decline in DSSC efficiency, but the problem could be overcome by introducing a suitable amount of carbon nanomarterials into the gel electrolytes, producing cell efficiencies even higher than the liquid state DSSCs. In the presence of iodine, the acid-MWCNTs gave better results. By introducing 0.5 wt% MWCNTs into the I2-contatining gel electrolyte, cell efficiency increased from 6.99 % to 8.15%, which was even higher than the 7.50 % efficiency of the liquid state counterpart. In the absence of iodine, the acid-graphene produced better results. The I2-free quasi-solid state cell with 1.0 wt% graphene reached 8.14 % efficiency, a significant improvement over those of graphene-free cells (6.32% for the gel state cell and 6.61% for the liquid state one).

摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌謝 IV
目錄 V
表目錄 VIII
圖目錄 IX
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 研究動機 2
第二章 文獻回顧 3
2.1 太陽能電池簡介 3
2.2染料敏化太陽能電池介紹 7
2.3 染料敏化太陽能電池工作原理 8
2.4 染料敏化太陽能電池結構 10
2.4.1 透明導電基板 10
2.4.2 奈米半導體薄膜 10
2.4.3 染料光敏化劑 12
2.4.4 氧化還原對電解質 18
2.4.5 對電極 19
2.5 染料敏化太陽能電池之光電特性 20
2.5.1 太陽能電池效率參數 20
2.5.2 太陽光強度 22
2.5.3 電化學交流阻抗分析圖譜 (Electochemical Impedance Spectroscopy，EIS) 23
2.5.4 入射單色光子-電子轉換效率 (IPCE) 25
2.5.4 循環伏安法 (Cyclic voltammogram，CV) 25
2.6 液態電解質 27
2.6.1 有機溶劑電解質 27
2.6.2 離子液體電解質 27
2.7 膠態電解質 28
2.7.1 奈米粒子型膠態電解質 29
2.7.2 凝膠型膠態電解質 32
2.8 奈米碳管(Carbon nanotubes, CNTs) 33
2.8.1 奈米碳管於DSSC中電解質的應用 33
2.9 石墨烯(Graphene) 34
2.9.1 石墨烯結構特性 34
2.9.2 石墨烯在DSSC中電解質的應用 35
第三章 實驗方法及原理 36
3.1 實驗藥品及耗材 36
3.2 實驗儀器及量測設備 37
3.2.1 實驗儀器 37
3.2.2量測儀器及操作方法 38
3.3 實驗方法 40
3.3.1 實驗架構 40
3.3.2 改質奈米碳材(MWCNTs/Graphene) 41
3.3.3 電解質之製備 41
3.3.4二氧化鈦漿料之製備 42
3.4 染料敏化太陽能電池之元件組裝 45
3.4.1 元件組裝流程 45
3.4.2 透明導電玻璃基板清洗 45
3.4.3製備TiO2薄膜 45
3.4.4 染料製備 45
3.4.5 對電極製備 45
3.4.6 電池元件組裝及封裝 46
第四章 結果與討論 47
4.1 改質奈米碳材(MWCNTs/Graphene)分析鑑定 47
4.1.1 MWCNTs穿透式電子顯微鏡分析(TEM) 47
4.1.2 MWCNTs 紅外線光譜分析(FTIR) 48
4.1.3 Graphene穿透式電子顯微鏡分析(TEM) 50
4.1.4 Graphene紅外線光譜分析(FTIR) 50
4.2添加奈米碳管於膠態電解質之性質分析與元件效率 52
4.2.1 混摻MWCNTs於有碘膠態電解質性質分析與元件效率 52
4.2.2混摻MWCNTs於無碘膠態電解質性質分析與元件效率 58
4.3添加石墨烯於膠態電解質之性質分析與元件效率 63
4.3.1 混摻Graphene於有碘膠態電解質性質分析與元件效率 63
4.3.2 混摻Graphene於無碘膠態電解質性質分析與元件效率 68
4.4長效性測試 73
第五章 結論 80
參考文獻 82

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