臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究以170、190、210、230℃的柳杉、南方松及花旗松熱處理木材在戶外暴露37週後，探討熱處理木材的疏水性及對鐵釘、銅釘、熱浸鍍鋅釘、高碳含量不鏽鋼釘及低碳含量不鏽鋼釘等五種金屬釘材之腐蝕性；以及使用南洋杉、花旗松、美國光臘樹及紅美蘭地熱處理與未處理木材探討熱處理後木材表面性質的改變，並使用間苯二酚膠(RF)、三聚氰胺膠(MF)、尿素膠(UF)、苯乙烯丁二烯橡膠(SBR)四種膠合劑及硝化纖維素拉卡(NC)、二液型聚胺酯塗料(PU)兩種塗料對熱處理木材膠合及塗裝性能進行評估。
研究結果發現，五種釘材在37週的戶外暴露試驗後，質量損失率以高碳含量不鏽鋼釘及低碳含量不鏽鋼釘最低，表示此兩種釘子有較好的耐腐蝕性，而熱處理過後木材的pH值略降低，對釘子腐蝕影響不大。熱處理後，木材表面硬度會下降；由粗糙度試驗發現，熱處理過後木材表面會變得較平滑。接觸角試驗中，大致呈現液滴在熱處理木材的接觸角會增加，但MF及SBR在南洋杉木材上及UF在花旗松木材上的接觸角則會降低，因此熱處理對部分樹種的木材膠合性能提升可能有幫助。以非破壞之振動試驗發現南洋杉及合板熱處理後，動彈性模數會下降。抗彎強度試驗及膠合剪斷試驗中發現，熱處理後會使木材強度降低。從浸水剝離試驗的結果得到，RF與SBR膠合之試材在試驗中的合格率皆為100%，而UF在大部分的結果中合格率為0%。四種膠合劑間的膠合性能與防水性以RF與SBR的性能最好。
未處理與熱處理木材塗裝後，對熱處理木材造成之色差較大，因此熱處理木材做為地板材使用時應多注意塗裝所造成之色差。鉛筆硬度試驗結果發現，熱處理木材硬度較低，建議熱處理木材塗裝前可對木材表面先做前處理，如木材表面緻密化等，以增加塗裝後之鉛筆硬度。塗膜剝離之結果為，PU塗料之附著度較NC好。木材塗裝時，若需較硬之塗膜層，建議選擇PU塗料。

The first part of this study was to investigate the corrosion properties of five kinds metal nail connected with heat-treated Japanese cedar, southern yellow pine, and Douglas fir during 37 weeks of outdoor exposure test. The heat treatments were carried out at temperature levels of 170, 190, 210, and 230℃, respectively. The other part was to investigate the difference of surface and strength properties between heat-treated and untreated hoop pine, Douglas fir, American ash, and red meranti wood. The performance of adhesion was evaluated using urea-foraldehyde resin (UF), melamine-formaldehyde resin (MF), resorcinol-
formaldehyde resin (RF), and styrene butadiene rubber resin (SBR) on those four heat-treated wood species, and those for finishing properties by using lacquer NC and polyurethane coating.
The results showed mass loss of both high carbon content and low carbon stainless steel nails connected with test specimens were the lowest after exposure test. Both have well corrosion resistance against weathering.
There was not significant relationship between mass loss of nails and pH values of heat-treated wood. After heat reatment, the hardness of wood was decreased; the wood surface will become more smooth than untreat wood with respect to testing of surface roughness. Most comtact angle between liquid and wood specimen will be increased after heat treatment, but the MF and SBR on Araucaria and UF on Douglas fir will be decreased. Some species of heat treatment wood may improve glued performance.
According to non-destructive vibration test, the dynamic modulus of elasticity (DMOE) of heat treated Araucaria and plywood will be slightly decreased. On bending test and adhesive shear experiment results showed the strength of heat-treated wood will be significantly decreased. The delamination test showed the adhesive performance of RF and SBR were 100% qualified rate, while the UF was 0%. We suggest using RF and SBR resins as binder between heat-treated wood and plywood because of better glue strength and water resistant property.
Heat treatment wood has a significant color change after coating. When heat-treatedwood used for floor metarials, we should pay more attention on this phenomenon. Pencil hardness test results showed that heat treatment wood had lower hardness characteristic. It is recommended that before coating, heat treatment wood surfaces should pretreatment, such as wood surface densification process. The performance of coating film peeled of PU on test specimens was better than that of NC. We suggest that PU paint is a better choice on wood coating.

摘要 i
Abstract iii
表目錄 ix
圖目錄 xi
壹、前言 13
貳、文獻回顧 14
一、 熱處理木材之發展 14
二、 熱處理木材之物理及機械性質 15
(一) 疏水性 15
(二) 酸鹼值 16
(三) 硬度 17
(四) 粗糙度 18
(五) 接觸角 18
(六) 抗彎強度 19
三、 熱處理木材之膠合性能 21
參、材料與方法 22
一、 試驗材料 22
(一) 釘材腐蝕試驗材料 22
(二) 膠合及塗裝試驗材料 23
二、 試驗方法 24
(一) 熱處理程序 24
(二) 戶外金屬腐蝕試驗 25
1. 含水率 25
2. pH值 25
3. 釘材腐蝕性試驗 25
4. 試驗環境 26
(三) 膠合板材 27
1. 木材硬度試驗 27
2. 表面粗糙度試驗 27
3. 膠合劑接觸角試驗 28
4. 黏度測定 29
5. 膠合方式 29
6. 彎曲振動試驗 29
7. 抗彎強度試驗 31
8. 膠合剪斷試驗 32
9. 浸水剝離試驗 33
10. 塗裝程序 33
11. 塗裝後色差 33
12. 塗膜剝離率試驗 34
13. 塗膜硬度試驗 35
肆、結果與討論 36
一、 戶外試驗 36
(一) 木材含水率 36
(二) pH值 39
(三) 釘材腐蝕性 40
二、 複合木質地板 44
(一) 木材硬度 44
(二) 表面粗糙度 46
(三) 接觸角 49
(四) 彎曲振動 52
(五) 抗彎強度 59
(六) 膠合剪斷 62
(七) 浸水剝離 64
(八) 色差 67
(九) 塗料接觸角 71
(十) 塗膜試驗 72
伍、結論 74
陸、參考文獻 76

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