臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

2005年中國大陸青海湖發現野禽集體感染H5N1死亡的事件，一般認為遷移性鳥可能帶病毒並傳播禽流感。2008年至2009年本實驗室發現，有些鳥類會往返於禽場與濕地之間，其中牛背鷺與候鳥共用棲地而且活動於家禽場，是最有可能是傳遞禽流感病毒的橋樑物種。本研究的目的是以高雄大寮與路竹地區牛背鷺為對象，藉由無線電追蹤的方法，來了解非繁殖季與繁殖季牛背鷺日行為與活動模式。希望了解牛背鷺如何與其他遷移性水鳥、留鳥及家禽互動，並探討牛背鷺傳播禽流感病毒的可能性。研究結果發現，牛背鷺個體在非繁殖季或繁殖季時的平均日行為比例沒有顯著差異，但雌性與雄性有顯著的差異。在活動模式部分，不管在非繁殖季或繁殖季時，牛背鷺的活動範圍在繁殖季與非繁殖季沒有顯著差異，但在繁殖季時兩地區間有顯著差異。追蹤的11隻個體之中只有兩隻個體使用禽場比例低於67%，4隻個體使用禽場的比例是83%；4隻個體使用禽場比例是100%，並且在禽場內活動時與家禽互動頻繁。牛背鷺不論季節、地區及性別，都是以禽場當作主要活動與覓食的場所，增加了與家禽直接或間接接觸的可能。牛背鷺平均活動範圍都超過200公頃以上，加上台灣家禽場常分布密集，顯示了黃頭鷺在傳播禽流感的高風險性。

Avian influenza virus subtype H5N1 was isolated from numerous dead aquatic birds at Qinghai Lake in 2005, and wild migratory aquatic birds have been suggested as the reservoir of influenza A virus. Our laboratory revealed that wild birds used poultry farms oftentimes in 2008 to 2009. In particular, the Cattle Egret was the most possible bridge species to spread avian influenza virus. Cattle Egrets used habitats with migratory birds, but also entered poultry farms as their main area of activity. If the migratory birds infected with avian influenza virus co-habitat with Cattle Egret, it will increase the risk of spread of avian influenza virus to poultry. The aim of this study was to use radio-tracked Cattle Egrets to determine their diurnal behavior and activity patterns between non-breeding season and breeding season at Daliao and Lujhu in Kaohsiung. The interactions between Cattle Egret and migratory birds, domestic birds and poultry were investigated to determine the possibility of spread avian influenza virus by Cattle Egret. The results showed that the average proportion of diurnal behavior was not different among all bird between breeding and non-breeding seasons. The proportion of diurnal behavior between male and female were different in the two seasons. The home range was not different among all individuals between breeding and non-breeding seasons. The home range difference between Daliao and Lujhu only in the breeding seasons. Four Cattle Egrets spent 100% of the daytime, and four spent 83% of daytime in poultry farms, and two individuals spent more than 67% in the poultry farms. Cattle Egret had high proportion of time interacting with poultry. In addition, poultry farms are the main foraging and activity area for Cattle Egret. This increases the opportunity for Cattle Egret to contact with poultry. Large home range over 200 hectares and high density of poultry farms in Taiwan increase the risk of spread of influenza virus between Cattle Egret and poultry.

Contents
論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
摘要 iii
Abstract iv
Contents v
Figure Legend vi
Table Legend vii
Introduction 1
Material and Methods 6
Results 11
Discussion 15
Literature Cited 22
Appendix 1. 46

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