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研究生:黃志和
研究生(外文):CHIH HO HUANG
論文名稱:五大性格特質之遺傳性研究
論文名稱(外文):Heritability of the Big-Five personality traits
指導教授:莊耀嘉莊耀嘉引用關係
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立屏東師範學院
系所名稱:教育心理與輔導學系碩士班
學門:教育學門
學類:綜合教育學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2005
畢業學年度:93
語文別:中文
論文頁數:117
中文關鍵詞:遺傳性五大性格特質同卵雙胞胎(MZ)異卵雙胞胎(DZ)遺傳效應共享環境
外文關鍵詞:HeritabilityFive-Factor Modelidentical twins(MZ)fraternal twins(DZ)Genetic influenceshared environment
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中文摘要
五大性格特質已是被世人廣泛接受的人格結構,本研究在探討五大性格特質,分別是聰穎開放性(intellect)或(Openness to experience)、嚴謹自律性(Conscientiousness)、和善性(Agreeableness)、外向性(Extraversion)及神經質(Neuroticism)之遺傳性程度。研究樣本為一起成長之120對同卵雙胞胎(MZ)與50對異卵雙胞胎(DZ)的國中生,藉由比較兩者性格特質相關係數的差異,可估算個體性格總變異量的遺傳作用性。採用學生自評的方式得到聰穎開放性、嚴謹性、和善性、外向性及神經質的遺傳係數估計值分別為20%,43%,43%,85%,和 0%。不同的是在全體樣本方面,神經質無法獲得遺傳的作用,反而有較高的共享環境效應。在師(他)評方面,聰穎開放性、嚴謹性、和善性、外向性及神經性的遺傳係數估計值分別為77%,18%,51%,43%,和54%,顯示五項性格特質均呈現遺傳作用的證據,而且共享環境效應對大部分面向的影響力是薄弱的。

關鍵字:遺傳性、五大性格特質、同卵雙胞胎(MZ)、異卵雙胞胎(DZ)、遺傳效應、共享環境
Heritability of the Big-Five personality traits
Abstract
The Big-Five Factor Model as emerged as possibly the most widely accepted model of personality structure. The purpose of this study was to investigate the heritability of the Big-Five personality traits. Participants were 120 pairs of identical twins and 52 pairs same sex fraternal twins. Twin pairs were junior high school students who had been raised together. Based on the correlations within identical and fraternal twins, the present study estimated the amounts of variance between individuals (heritability) in personality traits and that can be attributed to genetic factors. Based on the data of students’ self-ratings of traits, estimations of heritability for Intellect, Conscientiousness, Agreeableness, Extraversion, and Neuroticism were 20%, 43%, 43%, 85%, and 0%, respectively. For teachers’ ratings of students’ traits, estimations of heritability were 77%, 18%, 51%, 43%, and 54%, respectively. Genetic influence was substantial and shared environmental influences accounted for a smaller proportion of the variance in most dimensions (or facets).

Key words: Heritability, Five-Factor Model, identical twins(MZ), fraternal twins(DZ), Genetic influence, shared environment
目 次
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………1
第一節 研究的動機與目的……………………………………1
第二節 研究假設………………………………………………4
第三節 名詞釋義………………………………………………5
第二章 文獻探討……………………………………………..6
第一節 性格與人格的定義……………………………………6
第二節 五大性格因素模式的探討……………………………12
第三節 國內五大性格特質相關研究之探討…………………30
第四節 遺傳的機制及相關研究………………………………33
第五節 性格與遺傳、環境的關係……………………………37
第三章 研究方法…………………………………….41
第一節 研究樣本………………………………………………41
第二節 研究工具………………………………………………43
第三節 研究程序………………………………………………52
第四節 資料處理………………………………………………53
第四章 研究結果……………………………………54
第一節 五大性格特質自評與他評方式的信度……………....54
第二節 雙胞胎在五大性格特質及各細項採用不同方式
之相關係數結果………………………………………56
第三節 五大性格特質之遺傳性大小與共享環境的效應…....70
第五章 結論與建議…………………………………82
第一節 主要結果……………………………………………..82
第二節 討論………………………………………………….87
第三節 建議…………………………………………………91
參考文獻………………………………………………97
中文部分………………………………………………………..97
西文部分………………………………………………………..100
附錄……………………………………………………109
附錄一…………………………………………………………..109
附錄二…………………………………………………………..112
附錄三…………………………………………………………..113
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