臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

在流域中的水資源開發，過去多以增加人類經濟效益為主，例如供水、發電及防洪等，由於水利設施攔蓄及引取水源會使河川的天然流制改變，同時影響水域生態環境，因此在人類需求與維護水域生態環境間能達到兩者平衡的水資源管理策略是目前重要的議題之一。但水域生態現況資料取得不易，多使用間接的水文指標改變度來替代，以尋求減緩各河段受生態環境影響程度的水利設施營運方式，然而對水域環境的影響缺乏實際的對照，可能會與實際情況有所落差，故本研究以水域現場採集的生態資料結合水文改變流制來改善此問題。本研究將以新店溪流域為研究區域，新店溪流域目前有七個大小型堰壩興建於各河段以提供大台北地區生活用水，並兼具水力發電與防洪的功能。本研究利用流域模擬模式計算32項水文指標在不同河段受到水利設施營運的影響，再以新店溪流域內五個河段的底棲無脊椎動物生態調查資料，轉變為對生態環境影響具代表性的生態指標(生物豐富度、生物多樣性及生物均勻性)，以建立水域生態與水文指標的多元線性迴歸方程式，並將此關係式整合於流域模式中，配合多準則決策以尋求流域水利設施之最佳營運策略。本文比較無環境流量方案、現況營運方案及最佳營運方案，分析結果顯示最佳營運方案較其他方案改善大多數人類用水指標，並能減緩對河段生態指標的衝擊。

Water-resources developments such as impoundment and streamflow diversion by water-resources facilities would alter streamflow natural variability and threaten ecosystem diversity and riverine health. Finding a balance between human and environmental needs becomes a challenge task in water-resources management. In this study, a relationship between ecological indicators and hydrological indicators are constructed by multiple linear regression. This relationship is incorporated into a basin-scale model and applied to Hsintien Creek basin located in northern Taiwan to derive the optimal operating strategies. The sampled macroinvertebrates data at various sites are transformed into ecological indicators which include Margalet’s diversity index, Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index and Pielou’s evenness index. A total of 8 human indicators are used to evaluate performance of water-resources facilities for water supply, hydropower generation, and flood mitigation. These two types of indicators are integrated into an overall indicator using technique for order performance by similarity to ideal selection (TOPSIS) to derive the optimal operating strategies. The results show that the current scenario is slightly better than the no environmental flow scenario. The optimal scenario has great improvements in most of human indicators and reduce hydrologic-alteration impacts.

摘要 I
Extened Abstract II
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 X
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究動機 1
1-2 研究目的 1
1-3 文獻回顧 2
1-4 論文架構 7
第二章 研究區域 8
2-1 新店溪流域概述 8
2-2 新店溪流域水資源營運 10
2-3 新店溪流域流量與現有水利設施之環境放流量 13
2-4 生態調查資料 16
2-5 採樣資料分析 17
第三章 研究方法 20
3-1 新店溪流域營運系統 20
3-2 新店溪流域流域模式模擬 23
3-2-1 河川天然流制 24
3-2-2 河川受改變流制 25
3-2-3 模式使用之參數 33
3-3 環境放流量 35
3-4 評估指標 37
3-4-1 人類用水評估指標 37
3-4-2 生態指標 39
3-4-3 水文指標 41
3-5 生態水文關係建立 43
3-6 優選模式 43
第四章 結果與討論 48
4-1 新店溪流域生態指標特性 48
4-2 新店溪生態水文關係迴歸式 50
4-3 天然流制 53
4-4 無環境流量方案 58
4-5 現況營運方案 63
4-6 最佳營運方案 64
4-7 各方案結果比較 69
第五章 結論與建議 76
5-1 結論 76
5-2 建議 77
參考文獻 78
附錄1-生態採樣點之月平均物種數個體數 86
附錄2-各河段各月份採樣點之生態指標 89
附錄3-計算水文指標改變度 92

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