臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文提出微稜鏡式立體攝影機之數學模型，文中探討了變焦情況下系統左右視場之變化，推斷出針對特定手機相機所設計之最佳化微稜鏡陣列板-『稜鏡頂角為20度之直角稜鏡』。此數學模型也可應用於立體影像對的後端影像處理，根據拍攝參數計算出左右影像重疊率，幫助左右影像之疊合。接著利用掃瞄浸潤式微影技術製做微稜鏡陣列板，原始設計之直角三角形元件會因光的繞射現象而造成結構上的誤差，於是本論文提出，在固定的曝光劑量下，提升光阻之厚度，並增加顯影時間，使其結構成形於較底部之光阻，以降低繞射現象所造成之影響，成功的將原設計直角的角度由76度提升至85度。最後，利用LightTools光學模擬軟體模擬影像，當稜鏡直角部分為85度時，只會造成影像亮度降低，並不會因外在環境光造成影像干擾；稜鏡頂角部分之誤差，則是會造成部分區域所擷取之影像對不適用。

In this research, the mathematical model of micro-prism single-lens stereo camera was proposed. The study also discussed the variety of left and right field of view resulting from zooming of imaging system, to infer the optimal micro-prism array of mobile phone cameras“ a 20°-70°-90° prism ”. This mathematical model also can be applied to the image process of stereo image pair. Accoring to the parameter of stereo camera, the overlap rate of image pair could be accurately computed. Then use of sanning immersion lithography technology to produce the micro-prism array. The originally designed triangle micro-prism array will produce the erro of structure resulted from Fresnel diffraction, so we proposed to increase the thickness of resister, increase developing time with same scan times so that the structure can be formed at the bottom area of the resister, and further reduce the effect of diffraction. And effectively raises the right-angle of the structure from 76 degrees up to 85 degrees. Finally, using the LightTools optical simulation software to simulate the image, when the right- angle of the structure is 85 degrees, it only reduced image brightness but not caused image interference. And the apex angel erro caused the image pair of some captured region can’t be used.

中文摘要 i
ABSTRACT ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 viii
圖目錄 ix
一、緒論 1
1.1前言 1
1.2文獻回顧 1
1.2.1立體影像技術的發展歷史 1
1.2.2立體顯示技術 2
1.2.3立體影像的拍攝 4
1.2.4微光學製程簡介 6
1.3研究動機與目的 12
1.4論文架構 12
二、立體影像成像原理 14
2.1人類眼睛的構造 14
2.1.1雙眼的成像 14
2.1.2 視神經與側膝狀核 14
2.1.3 人類眼睛的特性 15
2.2 產生深度感之因素 16
2.2.1生理因素 16
2.2.2心理因素 17
2.3產生深度感的形式 19
三、微稜鏡式單鏡頭立體攝影系統原理 21
3.1稜鏡原理 22
3.2建立系統數學模型 23
3.3影像重疊率之計算 25
3.4微稜鏡陣列板設計理論 30
四、微稜鏡式立體手機相機設計與製作 33
4.1微稜鏡陣列板設計 33
4.2掃描浸潤式曝光系統 34
4.3製作流程 34
4.4掃描浸潤式曝光製程 35
4.4.1光罩製作 35
4.4.2軟體介面 36
4.4.3PMER光阻 36
4.4.4繞射效應 37
4.4.5邊緣效應 37
4.4.6光罩與光刻之角度關係 38
4.5微稜鏡元件製作 38
4.5.1光罩圖形堆疊與光刻成型 39
4.5.2減少繞射效應─增加顯影時間 40
4.5.3增加光阻厚度 41
五、結果與討論 42
5.1製程結果 42
5.2影像處理結果 44
5.3製程誤差模擬 47
5.3.1直角邊之誤差 47
5.3.2頂角α之誤差 51
5.4數學架構與文獻比較 52
5.4.1Biprism數學架構 52
5.4.2本論文之系統收角δ0與Biprism之δ的差異 53
5.4.3本論文之系統收角δw與Biprism之φp的差異 55
六、結論與未來展望 57
參考文獻 59

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