臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

摘要
本研究是以人工添加腐植酸於鯉魚潭水庫原水來模擬高有機質原水之淨水處理程序。第一階段分別以1、2、4 mg O3/mg NPDOC之臭氧劑量以及兩種生物流體化床停留時間(2.7hr、3.43hr)以求得臭氧結合生物流體化床之最佳操作條件。由實驗結果得知NPDOC濃度不會隨著臭氧劑量增加而有明顯變化，A254值會隨臭氧劑量增加而有降低之趨勢，顯示出臭氧氧化對於有機物不飽和雙鍵之專一攻擊性；羰基化合物之濃度則由於臭氧氧化而有不同程度的增加，再經過生物流體化床程序後始有降低之趨勢；三鹵甲烷形成潛能於臭氧劑量2 mg O3/mg NPDOC及生物流體化床停留時間2.7小時之條件下有最佳去除率；此外，溴離子的增加並不會因為臭氧之氧化而轉變為溴酸根離子，其原因可能為原水中之高有機質競爭臭氧所致。
在後續的高級氧化結合生物流體化床及傳統淨水程序中以臭氧劑量2 mg O3/mg NPDOC及生物流體化床停留時間2.7小時作為固定之操作參數，並以此操作參數進行三種不同高級氧化程序(O3、O3/H2O2、O3/UV)、生物流體化床以及傳統淨水程序之相互比較，以瞭解高級氧化與生物流體化床對傳統淨水程序之影響。由實驗結果得知，NPDOC、A254以及鹵化消毒副產物皆於高級氧化結合生物流體化床及傳統淨水程序中有最佳去除效率。高級氧化程序雖然會導致羰基化合物的產生，但是在後續生物流體化床及傳統淨水程序可去除這些有機性中間產物。因此，對於本研究之高有機質原水之淨水程序可選擇O3/H2O2之高級氧化結合生物流體化床及傳統淨水程序作為控制整體疏水性有機物消毒副產物之策略。
關鍵字:臭氧、生物流體化床、消毒副產物

Abstract
Chlorination is the most conventional process in drinking water treatment for a century. However, many types of halogenic disinfection by-products (DBPs), such as trihalomethanes (THMs) and haloacetic acids (HAAs), have been detected in the finished water and demonstrated to be carcinogenic and mutagenic chemicals having an negative impact on human health. Oxidation of organics in water by ozonation or advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) would be able to initiate the generation of great amount of carbonyl compounds and bromate ions, which have been found to be problematic on microbial re-growth in distribution pipelines and safe quality of drinking water.
In this research, target water was simulated using synthetic humic acids added into the raw water withdrawn from Li-yu-tan reservoir. Two phases were carried out respectively in this study to investigate the effect of ozone-based AOPs and biological fluidized bed on the removal of organics and control of DBPs precursors. In the first phase, different ozone doses, such as 1, 2, and 4 mg O3/mg NPDOC, and retention times of biological fluidized bed, such as 2.7 and 3.43 hours, were used to test and compare. Dissolved organic carbon (DOC) could not be entirely decomposed into carbon dioxide and water by ozone, but decrease of A254 is observed to be significant while increasing ozone dosage. Due to the competitive affinity of hydrophobic organics towards ozone in water, concentration of bromate ions would not have any chance to be detected during the oxidation course. The second phase is to use a complete treatment train including ozone-based AOPs, biological fluidized bed process, coagulation/flocculation, sedimentation, and sand filtration. The result indicates that dissolved organics can be further removed by our proposed treatment processes comparing with the traditional processes without pre-oxidation and biological metabolism. Therefore, the precursors of halogenic disinfection by-products have been substantially controlled. Although the concentrations of carbonyl DBPs, such as aldehydes and ketones, were found to increase after chemical oxidation, the subsequent biological fluidized bed treatment would still have the ability to utilize and metabolize them at ease. Among the AOPs used in this study, O3/H2O2 combining with FBT and traditional treatment processes has been demonstrated to be the best controlling strategy on eliminating the organic matters in the raw water and reducing the potential of DBPs formation.
Keywords: Ozonation, Advanced Oxidation Processes, Biological Fluidized Bed, Disinfection By-products

中文摘要
英文摘要
目錄
第一章 緒論
第二章 文獻回顧
第三章 實驗材料與方法
第四章 結果與討論
第五章 結論與建議
第六章 參考文獻
附錄A
附錄B

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