臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究為石墨烯於有機太陽能電池中電極及電洞傳輸層之應用。主要分為三部分。第一部分延續實驗室─石墨烯透明電極於雙面入光倒置結構太陽能電池之應用。製程加入溶劑蒸氣退火處理，以提升兩面的光電轉換效率。
第二部分透過化學摻雜，藉摻雜物與石墨烯之間表面電荷轉移，改變石墨烯功函數和主要傳輸載子。使用了PEI、TiOx、BCP、TPBi做為N-摻雜物， F4-TCNQ為P-摻雜物，並將摻雜之石墨烯作為負極與正極。由實驗結果，知N-摻雜石墨烯作為P3HT系統之有機太陽能電池負極目前仍是個挑戰，而PEI摻雜之石墨烯是效果最佳之負極。
最後一部分，利用石墨烯作為倒置結構之電洞傳輸層。其乾式轉印製程與有機太陽能電池現有溶液製程具有高的相容性。本研究結果顯示，石墨烯除了可作為一般倒置結構之電洞傳輸層；在使用低功函數鋁作為電極時，可將鋁的費米能階固定在石墨烯費米能階附近，克服了鋁電極功函數與光吸收層材料P3HT的HOMO能階不匹配導致效率不彰之狀況。這是需水溶性製程、且強酸性的PEDOT:PSS電洞傳輸層所無法克服的。而使用鋁電極/石墨烯電洞傳輸層元件具優良的光電轉換效率，達2.9%。因此，可用成本較低的鋁電極取代原本成本較高的銀電極。

In this thesis, the graphene was applied as transparent electrodes and the hole transport layer in organic solar cells (OPVs). The first part was the graphene transparent electrode as the top anode of bifacial semitransparent inverted OPVs. Solvent vapor annealing process could enhance power conversion efficiency of both sides. In the second part, by chemical doping of graphene, the surface charge transfer between the dopant and the graphene changed the graphene work function and the majority carrier. The N-dopants PEI, TiOx, BCP, TPBi and P-dopant the F4-TCNQ were used. Furthermore, N-doped and P-doped graphene were applied as cathode and anode respectively. From the experimental results, the N-doped graphene as a cathode of OPVs based on P3HT:PCBM was still a challenge, and PEI-doped graphene was a more effective cathode. The final part was graphene hole transport layer of inverted OPVs. There was high compatibility of dry transfer process of graphene and solution process of OPVs. The results shown that graphene as a hole transport layer of inverted OPVs, not only worked under the general high work function electrode as anode but also worked under low work function aluminum electrode as anode. The aluminum Fermi level was pinned near the graphene Fermi level, which overcame the mismatch of the aluminum electrode work function and light absorption layer material P3HT HOMO energy level that caused low power generation efficiency. And it exhibited a high power conversion efficiency of 2.9%. Therefore, the lower-cost aluminum electrode was available to replace the original high cost of silver electrode.

口試委員會審定書 #
誌謝 I
中文摘要 III
ABSTRACT IV
目錄 V
圖目錄 VIII
表目錄 XI
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 前言 1
1.2 太陽能電池簡介 2
1.3 有機太陽能電池 4
1.4 混摻異質接面元件 6
1.4.1 一般結構 6
1.4.2 倒置結構 6
1.4.3 光主動層 7
1.4.4 電子傳輸層 8
1.4.5 電洞傳輸層 9
1.4.6 電極 9
1.5 石墨烯 12
1.6 石墨烯在有機太陽能電池上的運用 14
1.7 研究動機 15
1.8 參考文獻 16
第二章 實驗設備 20
2.1 A M 1.5太陽光譜 20
2.2 外部量子效率(EQE) 22
2.3 片電阻量測 23
2.4 霍爾量測(Hall measurement) 26
第三章 石墨烯於《雙面入光倒置有機太陽能電池》上電極(正極)之應用 28
3.1 石墨烯透明電極 28
3.1.1 石墨烯於銅箔之合成方法 28
3.2 石墨烯電極光學性質及電性 30
3.3 雙面透光半透明倒置結構有機太陽能電池 33
3.3.1 元件製作 33
3.3.2 元件特性 37
3.3.3 溶劑蒸氣退火處理 38
3.4 參考文獻 41
第四章 石墨烯N-摻雜與P-摻雜的應用 43
4.1 石墨烯化學摻雜原理 43
4.2 N摻雜石墨烯於一般結構太陽能電池負極(上電極)之應用 45
4.2.1 PEI摻雜石墨烯於負極之應用 45
4.2.2 TPBi、BCP摻雜石墨烯於負極之應用 48
4.2.3 TiOx摻雜石墨烯於負極之應用 50
4.3 P摻雜石墨烯於雙面入光倒置結構正極(上電極)之應用 52
4.4 結論 55
4.5 參考文獻 56
第五章 石墨烯於有機太陽能電池中電洞傳輸層的應用 59
5.1 電洞傳輸層材料 59
5.2 乾式轉印法製備石墨烯電洞傳輸層 60
5.3 石墨烯電洞傳輸層於銀電極倒置元件中的應用 62
5.3.1 元件製備 62
5.3.2 元件效率分析 62
5.4 石墨烯電洞傳輸層於鋁電極倒置元件中的應用 65
5.4.1 鋁電極倒置元件的效率分析 65
5.4.2 載子再結合速率分析 69
5.5 石墨烯電洞傳輸層的層數與元件表現 71
5.6 結論 73
5.7 參考文獻 74
第六章 總結與未來展望 75

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