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研究生:黃志偉
研究生(外文):Hwang Jyh Wei
論文名稱:飛行品質建立直昇機落艦飛行包絡區之探討
論文名稱(外文):A Study on the Safe Operating Envelopes of a Helicopter/Ship Landing Set by Flight Qualities
指導教授:孔健君
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國防大學中正理工學院
系所名稱:兵器系統工程研究所
學門:軍警國防安全學門
學類:軍事學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2006
畢業學年度:94
語文別:中文
論文頁數:189
中文關鍵詞:艦載直昇機直昇機飛行員控制器飛行包絡區直昇機起降航行中船舶飛行品質直昇機/船舶動態介面
外文關鍵詞:Flight Safe Operating EnvelopeFlying QualitiesMaritime HelicopterHelicopter/Ship Dynamic Interface
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落艦飛行包絡區是艦載直昇機起降船艦的飛行安全依據,其重要性不可言喻。現有之飛行包絡區建置,由於需直昇機實地在各海象下進行試飛,耗時且危險,故本論文嘗試藉由模擬直昇機動態、艦船運動及飛行甲板之風場,建立直昇機落艦之模擬環境,以求得直昇機在不同風向與風速下降落的最大安全區域,亦即理論飛行包絡區。本論文包括五個主要步驟:首先將原有Lynx直昇機數學模型,結合船舶發展中心現有的船舶動態模擬成果,發展成直昇機起降船舶之動態模擬系統;其次,建立模擬系統之飛行甲板穩態風場與陣風風場環境,及分析不同海象下船速與海浪周期對船艦運動之影響;接著利用極點配置法設計三組直昇機飛行控制器,藉由滿足不同之ADS-33 Quickness Criteria飛行品質,模擬三組不同駕駛技術與經驗之飛行員;第四步驟透過文獻蒐集與實際訪談,構建理論飛行包絡區之定義與模擬流程;第五步驟為落艦飛行包絡區之模擬與建立,在不同海象與不同飛行品質下的試飛條件,將直昇機所呈現的結果進行比較與分析。最後,藉由本論文模擬建立之直昇機落艦飛行包絡區,可作為實際試飛取得飛行包絡區之參考,相信可節省時間與財力,並提高安全性,為取得落艦飛行包絡區提供一條新途徑。
In this thesis, the investigation of onboard helicopter flight safe operating envelopes in different kinds of sea conditions set by flying qualities during landing are of particular interest. This thesis includes five key steps: Firstly, incorporating the six degree-of-freedom equations of motion and the steady-state airwake on the flight deck, the helicopter/ship recovery model is established. Second, we analyse the influence of ship speed and wave cycle to the ship motions in different kinds of sea conditions. Third, three kinds of controller are designed by flight quality to simulate the driving technologies and experiences of the three levels of pilot. The Quickness Criteria flight qualities in ADS-33 are introduced to determine the closed loop poles. Fourth, we define the theoretical flight safe operating envelope of onboard helicopter and the simulation processes to determine the theoretical flight safe operating envelope for helicopter landing on a ship. Fifth, the differences of the theoretical flight safe operating envelopes in different kinds of sea conditions and controllers are studied. Finally, we use of Matlab in Virtual reality Toolbox to simulate the scene when a helicopter lands on a ship. This thesis is expected to be helpful to the pilot training, flight safety and analysis of the margin of the helicopter/ship flight safe operating envelope.
目錄

誌謝 v
摘要 vii
ABSTRACT viii
目錄 ix
表目錄 xii
圖目錄 xiii
符號說明 xx
1. 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
1.3 研究規劃 8
1.4 研究目標與成果 9
1.5 論文架構 11
2. 直昇機降落航行船舶模擬環境的構建 12
2.1 建立直昇機數學模型 12
2.1.1 直昇機五大次系統 12
2.1.2 線性化運動方程式 19
2.1.3 直昇機致動器與發動機極限 22
2.2 艦船運動 24
2.3 直昇機起降船舶之操作環境 33
2.3.1 空氣跡流效應 33
2.3.2 陣風模型 40
2.4 整合直昇機/船舶模擬系統 42
2.4.1 直昇機起降船舶路徑規畫 45
3. 飛行品質綜述 46
3.1飛行品質的評估 47
3.2 駕駛員主觀的飛行品質 48
3.3 客觀的飛行品質 51
3.4 直昇機起降的飛行品質 56
4. 以飛行品質建構虛擬飛行員 58
4.1 人-機閉迴路系統分析 58
4.2 駕駛員經驗與技術的差異 60
4.3 利用線性矩陣不等式(LMI)進行極點配置法設計控制器 61
4.3.1 線性矩陣不等式(LMI)之極點配置架構 62
4.3.2 利用飛行品質進行類比駕駛員之控制器設計 64
4.4 飛行實例模擬 79
4.5 導入飛行品質驗證飛行控制器 82
4.6 融入操作環境進行試飛 85
5. 直昇機起降船舶之飛行包絡區與安全落艦因素 92
5.1 飛行包絡區之定義與闡述 92
5.2 飛行包絡區之限制因素 92
5.2.1 直昇機限制 93
5.2.2 艦船限制 93
5.2.3 操作環境限制 94
5.2.4 駕駛員限制 94
5.3 相關風之論述 95
5.4 確定飛行包絡區的方法 99
5.4.1 國外飛行包絡區研究 99
5.4.2 國內飛行包絡區研究 101
5.5 動態試飛與理論飛行包絡區 101
5.5.1 動態試飛 101
5.5.1.1 目的與要求 101
5.5.1.2 動態試飛程序與內容 102
5.5.2 理論飛行包絡區 105
6. 直昇機落艦飛行包絡區之模擬計算 109
6.1 直昇機落艦模擬環境初始設定 109
6.2 模擬結果 110
6.3 不同海象下之模擬結果分析 153
6.4 理論飛行包絡區與動態試飛飛行包絡區之比較 160
7. 結論與未來展望 170
7.1 結論 170
7.2 未來展望 171
參考文獻 173
附錄壹-美海軍艦型種類 178
附錄貳-美海軍飛行甲板輔降設施 180
附錄叄-蒲福風級(Beaufort Number)與海象等級(Sea State)對照表 182
附錄肆-2000噸巡防艦的模擬資料 183
論文發表 188
自傳 189
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