臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

臺灣近來生活素質的提昇以及飲食習慣的西化，肥胖已經成為日益嚴重的健康問題，根據 2013 年台灣「國民營養健康狀況變遷調查」結果顯示，國人過重與肥胖發生率高達 38%；肥胖會增加罹患許多慢性疾病的風險，例如: 胰島素阻抗 (Insulin resistance)、脂質代謝異常 (Dyslipidemic) 及非酒精性脂肪肝 (Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease) 等。飲茶養生的觀念流傳已久且被廣泛認同，主要為其富含多酚類化合物且已被提出具有抗肥胖之功效；而在本研究中已發現茶蠶經攝食台茶 12 號茶葉後，經消化產生之茶代謝物可顯著降低咖啡因含量並產生一些未知成分，因此，本研究將以動物實驗進一步評估與探討台茶 12 號萃取物 (Tea extract, TE) 及茶蠶代謝產物之萃取物 (Tea metabolites extract, TME) 對於抗肥胖功效。在大鼠的實驗中高劑量之TME能有效的降低血清膽固醇的含量，達到改善血清膽固醇之目的；然而台茶12號萃取物TE能有效的減少在高脂飼料所誘導之肥胖大鼠模式中，大鼠之性腺、腹膜、腸膜脂肪組織重量及脂肪細胞大小，其機制是透過影響性腺脂肪組織中Pref-1的表現量進而抑制其下游與脂肪細胞分化相關之轉錄因子，避免前脂肪細胞分化成脂肪細胞，以維持前脂肪細胞的型態，來達到以上目的；除此之外，在保護肝臟的部分，TE能透增加肝臟中HO-1表現量，進而減少由高脂飼料所誘導之脂肪肝之脂肪空泡，達到保護肝臟的效果，同時TE也能有效的降低血清膽固醇的含量。綜合以上結果，台茶12號可藉由有效的改善由高脂飼料所引起的肥胖、血脂異常及脂肪肝來達到預防肥胖及其併發症的目的。

Obesity is a critical issue worldwide. According to Nutrition and Health Survey in 2013 indicated that prevalence of overweight and obesity was 38% in Taiwan people. And World Health Organization (WHO) indicate that compare to the normal weight people the obesity people have higher risk of chronic disease which include diabetes mellitus, dyslipidemia, hepatic steatosis and hypertension. The concept of drinking tea is for a long time and widely accepted. However, the strain of Andraca theae which lives on tea leaf and its metabolites called the tea metabolites from Andraca theae that bioactivity is unknown yet. Consequently, this study was aimed to investigate whether extract of TTES No.12 and its metabolites from Andraca theae (TME) have the same or better effect than TTES No.12 tea extract (TE) on prevention of obesity and obesity-induced chronical disease. The animal model used high fat diet and different dose of TME and TE for a period of time. After administrated TME improved serum total cholesterol parameters. However, after administrated TE, our results showed that TE significantly decreased all adipose tissue and adipocyte size via increasing Pref-1and inhibiting downstream signaling pathway. However, TE also significantly improved fatty hepatocytes via increasing Ho-1. Taken together, these results suggested that the content of tea polyphenols play an important role for the prevention of obesity and fatty liver disease.

目錄
致謝 I
中文摘要 II
Abstract III
表索引 VII
圖索引 VIII
表目錄 IX
圖目錄 X
縮寫表 XI
第壹章、文獻回顧 1
第一節、肥胖 (Obesity) 1
(一)肥胖之盛行率與定義 1
(二)肥胖之成因 2
(三)肥胖與慢性疾病 3
(四)減重一般飲食原則 6
第二節、高脂肪飲食與肥胖 6
第三節、脂肪組織 (Adipocyte tissue) 7
(一)簡介 7
(二)代謝 8
第四節、非酒精性脂肪肝(Nonalcoholic fatty liver, NAFL) 11
(一)定義 11
(二)病因與進展 12
(三)脂肪肝的飲食原則 13
第五節、抗氧化相關酵素 14
第一型血紅素氧化酶(Heme oxygenase-1, HO-1) 14
第六節、脂肪細胞分化相關調控因子 15
Preadipocyte factor-1(Pref-1) 15
CCAAT enhancer binding proteins (C/EBPs) 16
Peroxisome proliferators activated receptors (PPRAs) 17
第七節、茶葉及茶葉代謝物 18
(一)茶葉 18
(二)綠茶與抗肥胖 20
(三)台茶12號(TTES No.12) 22
(四)台茶12號經茶蠶之代謝產物 22
第貳章、實驗目的與架構 25
第一節、實驗目的 25
第二節、實驗架構 26
(一)動物實驗(小鼠) 26
(二)動物實驗(大鼠) 26
第參章、材料與方法 27
第一節、實驗材料 27
(一) 儀器設備 27
(二) 藥品試劑 28
第二節、動物實驗 (小鼠) 31
(一) 動物品系與飼養環境 31
(二) 高油脂飲食誘導肥胖模式 31
第三節、動物實驗 (大鼠) 34
(一) 動物品系與飼養環境 34
(二) 高脂飲食誘導肥胖模式 34
(三) 動物組織脫水、包埋與切片 37
(四) 蘇木紫-伊紅染色法 (Hematoxylin and eosin stain) 38
(五) 免疫組織染色法 (Immunohistochemistry, IHC) 40
(六) 蛋白質電泳 (SDS-PAGE) 與西方墨點法 43
第肆章、結果 49
第一節、動物實驗(小鼠) 49
(一)TE及TME中兒茶素與咖啡因含量分析 49
(二)餵食TME對由HFD誘導肥胖之C57BL/6肥胖小鼠體重之影響 49
(三)餵食TME對由HFD誘導肥胖之C57BL/6肥胖小鼠攝食量之影響 49
(四)餵食TME對由HFD誘導肥胖之C57BL/6肥胖小鼠內臟型態與重量之影響 50
(五)餵食TME對由HFD誘導肥胖之C57BL/6肥胖小鼠性腺、腹膜、腸膜脂肪組織型態與重量之影響 50
(六)血清生化檢測 51
第二節、動物實驗(大鼠) 52
(一)餵食TME及TE對由HFD誘導肥胖之Wistar肥胖大鼠體重之影響 52
(二)餵食TME及TE對由HFD誘導肥胖之Wistar肥胖大鼠攝食量之影響 52
(三)餵食TME及TE對由HFD誘導肥胖之Wistar肥胖大鼠內臟型態與重量之影響 53
(四)餵食TME及TE對由HFD誘導肥胖之Wistar肥胖大鼠性腺、腹膜、腸膜脂肪組織型態與重量之影響 53
(五)血清生化檢測 54
(六)餵食TME及TE對由HFD誘導脂肪肝之影響 54
(七)TE透過增加肝臟中HO-1表現以改善由HFD誘導脂肪肝 55
(八)餵食TME及TE對由HFD誘導性腺脂肪細胞大小之影響 55
(九) TE透過調控性腺脂肪組織中Pref-1抑制轉錄因子C/EBPs家族及PPARγ表現 56
第伍章、討論 57
第陸章、結論 61
第柒章、圖表 62
參考文獻 79

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