臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究利用我國製造業近21年(1991-2011)之資料建立一動態追蹤資料庫，使用Granger因果測試方法進行實證，檢測對不同地區之對外直接投資對國內經濟環境及產業發展的影響，其中並採用system GMM估計式以修正過往文獻可能存在之內生性問題。研究發現無論長期或短期，增加對高個人所得地區投資有效提升了台灣製造業結構與經濟環境，相反的，增加對中國大陸與東南亞地區的投資導致了產業結構脆弱、廠商降低給薪意願，對東南亞投資更造成短期排擠母國銷售之結果。另外，本研究亦發現製造業對外直接投資是影響勞動薪資相對偏低的重要原因。

This research is based on the dynamic panel of the manufacturing industry in Taiwan within the period of 21 years (1991-2011). This thesis makes use of Granger Causality Test to inspect how foreign direct investment influences domestic economic circumstances and development of the manufacture industry. Moreover, the study also adapts the System GMM estimators to modify the possible endogenous problems in previous researches. The result of the research indicates that increasing number of investment in the area with high GDP per capita promoted the manufacturing structure and economic circumstances in Taiwan. On the contrary, the growing investment in China and Southeast Asia caused a weak industrial structure and low willingness of the companies'' salary payment. The investment in Southeast Asia, furthermore, decreased the total sales volume of the manufacturing industry in Taiwan. The finding also indicates that Taiwan''s foreign direct investment is one of the factors that contribute to a comparatively low labor salary on the island.

論文審定書 i
誌謝 ii
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 iv
目錄 v
表次 vi
圖次 vi
第 壹 章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景 1
第二節 研究目的 3
第三節 研究對象及方向 4
第四節 研究架構 4
第 貳 章 文獻回顧 6
第一節 相關理論探討 6
第二節 實證研究探討 10
第 叁 章 資料分析與研究方法 14
第一節 台灣製造業現況 14
第二節 使用資料及統計方法 27
第 肆 章 統計結果與分析 32
第一節 Granger 測試結果 32
第二節 結果分析 35
第 伍 章 結論與政策建議 36
參考文獻 37

一、中文部分
(一)專書
林惠玲、楊志海、黃珈卉，2009。《台灣製造業對外投資、全球化與產業升級》，行政院主計處委託研究報告。
李明軒，2001。《廠商對外投資行為與硏發行為間關係之硏究 : 台灣電機電子業廠商之實證分析》，臺北:國立臺灣大學經濟學研究所碩士論文。
謝寬裕，1999。《產業外移與產業空洞化: 理論與實證》，華泰發行。

(二)學術期刊
林惠玲、詹立宇、謝玉梅， 2009。〈產業聚集與廠商研發活動之研究:台灣電子業廠商之驗證〉，《人文及社會科學集刊》，第 21卷第4期，頁521-554。
陳建隆、徐芳霞，2003。〈防禦型對外直接投資與內生化研發水準〉，《經濟論文叢刊》，2003年，第31輯第4期，頁577-603。
蔡宜臻、邱俊榮，2007。〈對外直接投資與研究發展〉，《經濟論文》，第35卷第1期，頁53-82。
楊子菡、廖月波，2004。〈產品生命週期與產業空洞化－台灣電子電器業之實證研究〉，《臺灣經濟預測與政策》，第35卷第1期，頁65-89。
劉碧珍，2005。《對外投資、海外生產對國內研發、勞工雇用與薪資的影響》，經濟部委託研究報告。
顧瑩華，1998。〈對外投資與產業結構調整：台灣電子業的實証研究〉，《經濟論文叢刊》，第26輯第4期，1998年12月，頁459-486。

二、英文部分：
(一) Books
Buckley, P. J. and M. Casson, 1976. The Future of the Multinational Enterprise, New York: Holmes &; Meier Publishers.
Feldstein, Martin, 1994.“The Effects of Outbound Foreign Direct Investment on the Domestic Capital Stock,” National Bureau of Economic Research.
Gunnar, Fors, 1997. Foreign Direct Investment and Other Private Capital Flows to Sub-Saharan Africa, Swedish International Development Cooperation Agency.
Hymer, S. H., 1960. “The International Operation of National Firms: A Study of Direct Foreign Investment,” Ph.D. dissertation, MIT.
John, Cantwell, Estrella E. Tolentino Paz, 1990. “Technological Accumulation and Third World Multinationals” University of Reading, Department of Economics.
Krugman, P. R., 1983. The New Theories of International Trade and the Multinational Enterprises, MIT Press.
Lipsey, R. E., 1994.“Outward Direct Investment and the US Economy,”NBER Working Paper, No. 4691.
Tolentino, E. and Estrella Paz, 1993. Technological Innovation and Third World Multinationals, London and New York: Routledge.

(二) Journal Articles
Blonigen, A. Bruce, 1999. “In Search Of Substitution Between Foreign Production and Exports,” Journal of International Economics, Vol. 53, pp. 81-104.
Caves, R. E., 1971. “International Corporations: The Industrial Economics of Foreign Investment,” Economics, pp.1-27.
Chen, Tain-Jy and Ying-Hua Ku, 2000. “The effect of foreign direct investment on firm growth: the case of Taiwan’s manufacturers, ” Japan and the World Economy, Vol. 12, pp. 153-172.
Chen, Tain-Jy and Homin Chen and Ying-Hua Ku, 2004.“Foreign Direct Investment and Local Linkages,”Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 35, No. 4, pp. 320-333.
Chuang, Yih-Chyi and Chi-Mei Lin, 1999. “Foreign Direct Investment, R&;D and Spillover efficiency: Evidence from Taiwan’s Manufacturing Firms,” The Journal of Development Studies, Vol.35, No. 4, pp. 117-37.
Coase, R. H. 1937. “The nature of the firm.” Economica, Vol.4, pp. 386-405.
Granger, C. W. J., 1969. “Investigating Causal Relations by Econometric Models and Cross Spectral Methods,”Econometrics, Vol. 37, pp. 424-438.
Horst, Thomas, 1972.“Firm and Industry Determinants of The Decision to Invest Abroad: An Empirical Study,” The Review of Economics and Statistics, Vol. 54, pp. 258-266.
Hsu, Chen-Min and Wan-Chun Liu, 2004.“The Role of Taiwanese Foreign Direct Investment in China: Economic Integration or Hollowing-Out, "The Journal of Korean Economy, Vol. l5, pp. 207-231.
Hu, Len-Kuo, 1996. “Foreign Trade, Investment and Endogenous Technology Progress,”Academia Economic Papers, Vol. 24, No.1, pp. 45-83.
John, H. Dunning, 1980. “Towards an Eclectic Theory of International Production: Some Empirical Tests,” Journal of International Business Studies, Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 9-31.
Kojima, K., 1973.“A Macroeconomic Approach to Foreign Direct Investment,” Hitotsubashi Journal of Economics, Vol. 14, No.1, pp.1-21.
Lin, Hui-Lin and Ryh-Song Yeh, 2005.“The Interdependence Between FDI and R&;D: An Application of An Endogenous Switching Model to Taiwan’s Electronics Industry,” Applied Economics, Vol. 37, pp. 1789-1799.
Lin, Hui-Lin and W.B. Chuang (2007),"FDI and Domestic Investment in Taiwan-An Endogenous Switching Model," The Developing Economies, Vol. 45, No.24, pp. 465-490.
Lin, Hui-Lin, Ryh-Song Yeh, and Ching-Fan Chung, 2009. “The Effect of Outward Investment to China on Domestic R&;D: A Two-Hurdle Model with Endogenous ODI,” Applied Economics, Vol. 41, pp. 1191-1198.
Li, Nai-Chia and L. Roe Terry, 2008.“Taiwanese Outward Investment: Economic Bane or Boon?”Taiwan Economic Forecast and Policy, Vol. 38, No.2, pp. 73-109.
Ozawa, T., 1979. “International Investment and Industrial Structure: New Theoretical Implications from the Japanese Experience,”Oxford Economic Papers, Vol.31, No.1, pp.72-92.
Petit, Maria-Luisa and Sanna-Randaccio Francesca, 1998. “Technological Innovation and Multinational Expansion: A Two-Way Link?” Journal of Economics, Vol. 68, No.1, pp. 1-26.
Petit, Maria-Luisa and Sanna-Randaccio Francesca, 2000. “Endogenous R&;D and Foreign Direct Investment in International Oligopolies," International Journal of Industrial Organization, Vol. 18, No.2, pp. 339-367.
Root, F. and Ahmad, A., 1979. “Empirical Determinants of Manufacturing Direct Investment in Developing Countries,” Economic Development and Cultural Change, Vol. 27, pp. 751-767.
Stevens, G. V. G. and R. E. Lipsey, 1992. “Interactions Between Domestic and Foreign Investment” Journal of International Money and Finance, Vol.11, No. 1, pp. 40-62.
Sun, Ling and E. Fulginiti Lilyan and Yo-Chan Chen, 2010. “Taiwanese Industry Competitiveness When Outward FDI is Defensive,” Journal of Asian Economics, Vol. 21, No.4, pp. 365-377.
Thirlwall, A.P., 1982.“De-Industrialization in the UK,”Lloyds Bank Review, Vol. 134, pp. 22-37.
Vernon, R., 1966. “International Investment and International Trade in the Product Cycle,” Quarterly Journal of Economics, Vol.80, No.2, pp.190-207.

(三) Papers
Chen, Tain-Jy and Ying-Hua Ku, 1998. “Foreign Direct Investment and Industrial Restructuring: The Case of Taiwan’s Textile Industry,” presented at the East Asian Economic Seminar, Osaka, Japan.
Chen, Kun-Ming, Jr-Tsung Huang, and Shu-Fei Yang, 2005. “R&;D Spending and Location Choice of Foreign Direct Investment: Evidence from a Newly- industrialized Country,” presented at the ANZIBA 2005 Conference, Melbourne, Australia
Yang, Shu-Fei and Kun-Ming Chen, 2010.“The Impact of Outward Foreign Direct Investment on Domestic R&;D Activity: Cost-saving Versus Technology-sourcing,” presented at the 2010 East Asian Economic Association’s 12th Convention, Seoul, Korea, 2010/10/2-3.