臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

虱目魚體內有許多的細刺嵌在肌肉中，稱之為「膜內骨」。膜內骨由肌間隔結締組織直接膜內骨化而成，為硬骨魚類分類的形態特徵之一。膜內骨根據所在的部位可以分為三類，分別位在軸上肌、軸下肌的以及水平隔膜。膜內骨存在於較低等的硬骨魚類中，隨著不斷的演化一直到了鱸形目時膜內骨就已經完全的消失。
本研究利用製作透明魚骨標本來做為膜內骨觀察的方式。虱目魚膜內骨共分為Y型、I型、卜型、y型、一端多岔型、兩端雙岔型、兩端多岔型以及樹枝型膜內骨等8型。軸上肌膜內骨型態由尾部最簡單的I型到頭部最複雜的樹枝型；軸下肌膜內骨在較靠近腹部的部分有形成較為複雜的兩端雙岔型膜內骨；水平隔膜膜內骨由Y型膜內骨到少數靠近頭部的一端多岔型膜內骨。整體來說，膜內骨在越靠近魚體前端型態就越複雜。
本研究同時亦發現膜內骨的發育程度與魚的日齡（dph）沒有關係，反而與體長呈正相關。軸上肌膜內骨在魚體標準長16mm時開始出現最簡單I型膜內骨，之後頭部到背鰭尾段之間的膜內骨逐步發展成y型以及一端多岔型膜內骨，接著再繼續的發展成兩端多岔型膜內骨，最後頭部到背鰭前之間發展出複雜的樹枝型膜內骨。軸下肌膜內骨在魚體標準長16mm時開始出現I型膜內骨，接著靠近腹部的膜內骨發展成卜型。水平隔膜膜內骨在魚體標準長20mm時才開始出現Y型膜內骨。
除了膜內骨的觀察外虱目魚主骨骼的發育也是必須著眼的地方。主軸骨骼在魚體標準長16mm時骨化完成，17mm時肌間隔開始霧化，18mm時Supraneural及支鰭骨骨化且膜內骨也正從尾部開始發育。

Many spiculate tiny bones embedded in milkfish muscle are called intramembranous bone. Intramembranous bone are ossification from myosepta and according to the site can be divided into three categories: epaxial musculature, hypaxial musculature and horizontal septum.
The clearing and staining methods were used to observe intramembranous bone in milkfish. There are 8 different types of intramembranous bones：Y, I,卜, y, one end multi fork, two end bi fork, two end multi fork and tree branch type. Regardless of epaxial musculature, hypaxial musculature or horizontal septum origin, the morphology of intramembranous bone will be more complex approaching to the head.
In this study, there was no relationship of intramembranous bones development compared with days post hatch (dph), but was strongly correlated with body length. The intramembranous bone of I type appear in epaxial musculature when fish length grows up to 16mm, then develops into y type and finally into tree branch type. The intramembranous bone of hypaxial musculature first appears as I type when fish length grows up to 16mm, then becomes to 卜 type. Intramembranous bone of horizontal septum develops to y type when fish length grows up to 20mm.
The development of milkfish axial skeleton finishs when fish length grows up to 16mm. Then the myoseptal turns turbid when fish length grows up to 17mm. Finally, supraneural and actinost finish ossification when fish length reaches 18mm. At the same time the intramembranous bone appear from tail.

中文摘要 1
ABSTRACT 2
目錄 3
表目錄 5
圖目錄 6
壹、前言 7
一、 虱目魚養殖現況介紹 7
二、 膜內骨介紹 9
三、 膜內骨觀察方法探討 12
四、 透明標本染色原理 14
五、 色彩分析方法 15
六、 研究目標 16
貳、實驗材料 17
一、 實驗魚隻 17
二、 養殖環境以及投餵方式 17
三、 藥品以及養殖設備 17
參、實驗方法 18
一、 虱目魚膜內骨的型態、數量以及分佈觀察 18
二、 透明魚骨標本製作 18
三、 數位影像擷取方法 19
四、 骨骼系統發育觀察 19
五、 膜內骨發育觀察 19
肆、結果 21
一、 虱目魚膜內骨的型態、數量以及分佈觀察 21
二、 膜內骨數量比較基準的探討 22
三、 魚隻整體發育情況 22
四、虱目魚膜內骨發育觀察 24
伍、討論 27
一、 虱目魚膜內骨的型態、數量以及分佈觀察 27
二、 魚隻整體發育觀察 27
三、 膜內骨發育觀察 28
陸、結論 29
柒、參考文獻 30
捌、表圖 34
玖、附錄 53

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