臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

近年來隨著建築物越趨向高層化及複雜化，一旦發生緊急事件時避難者可能因於環境狀態掌握度不足，以及缺乏明確的逃生指引而延誤了災害發生初期第一時間的反應導致錯過逃生黃金時間。為了彌補固定式逃生指引不足之處並提高避難時的逃生速率及效果，本論文提出一套可應用於建築物內部之緊急避難逃生導引演算法，考慮到了火災現場環境狀態、人員心理狀態、逃生路徑容易程度、以及火源擴散可能等因素，計算出適合的避難路線以導引避難者順利逃生。並且本論文所提出的緊急避難逃生導引演算法會將環境中的人群以適當的方式分成不同逃生群體，給予每一群體不同的逃生路徑指引，以分散人群的方式減輕逃生過程中通道及出口的負擔，並可減輕同一時間區域內避難者的數量，降低發生擁擠的可能。本論文同時也利用模擬測試方式驗證我們所提出的具人群分流能力之逃生導引演算法(Density Balance Evacuation Guidance base on Crowd Scatter Guidance Algorithm，DBCS)於避難者導引時與其他演算方式的改良之處，驗證了演算法確實能有效利用避難者分群導引方式減輕路徑、出口負擔；實驗結果指出DBCS演算法與先前研究相比最高可緩解51%的擁擠發生率並提高33%左右的疏散效率，降低了可能造成的區域擁擠情況，並且提高整體逃生速率，快速導引避難者成功避難。
同時，本論文中也提出了一套可於現實境中實際使用之緊急避難人群導引系統，並將理論的演算法與實際的應用面結合，以實做的方式整合環境感知、人員定位、中央監控、使用者導引模組實現了本論文提出之DBCS演算法以及緊急避難人群導引系統，驗證了實務應用上的可行性，確保本文所提出之演算法及系統架構可於現實環境中實際使用。

Because of building become higher and more complicated, people may not know the environment states and have not enough information for evacuation, that cause people lost the prime time of emergency evacuation.
In this thesis, we propose a Density Balance Evacuation Guidance base on Crowd Scatter Guidance (DBCS) algorithm for emergency evacuation to make up for fire escape equipment can improve the speed and evacuation effect. The DBCS algorithm has consider the environment states, the people states of mind, the state of evacuation path, and the diffusivity of fire, to calculate the appropriate evacuation path for each user. In the proposed algorithm, people will be divided into different groups and give different evacuation routes for balancing the load of evacuation paths and exits. We also conduct the simulation experiment of the DBCS algorithm in the thesis, the simulation results showed that DBCS algorithm is more effective for distributing the load of evacuation paths, reducing the crowded situation, and has better evacuation performance. Compared with previous methods, DBCS algorithm has reduced at least 51% crowded probability and can improve the evacuation speed by 33%.
Moreover, we have implemented an emergency evacuation system what could accomplish in real conditions and combined with theory and real applications as well. In the system, we integrated context awareness, personnel positioning technique, central control, handheld devices, user navigation and DBCS algorithm to construct an emergency evacuation system that can operate in the real life.

摘要 ii
Abstract iii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景 1
1.2 研究動機 2
1.3 研究目標 2
1.4 論文架構 3
第二章 相關研究 4
2.1 室內人員定位 4
2.2 無線感測網路 8
2.3 Android 應用程式 12
2.4 人群避難行為探討 13
2.5 人群避難導引演算法 16
2.6 數位看板 18
第三章 研究方法 20
3.1 初始化階段 21
3.2 導引階段 23
3.3 DBCS演算法演示 31
3.4 系統設計 38
第四章 系統實做 48
4.1 中央監控模組及系統資料庫 48
4.2 人員定位模組 50
4.3 環境感知模組 51
4.4 使用者導引模組 52
4.5 實做測試結果 54
第五章 實驗結果與分析 56
5.1 實驗平台與環境 56
5.2 實驗結果與數據分析 58
第六章 結論與未來展望 65
參考文獻 67

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