臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

發展複合鍍層，乃為了因應工業上各種嚴苛環境之要求，開發較單一鍍層適用之材料，而以電鍍的方式來製作複合材料為一相當實用的技術，稱之為複合電鍍，其操作的簡便與經濟，使得與複合電鍍相關的論文及專利逐年大增，工業應用亦日亦廣泛。
以複合電鍍方式製備Ni-Al2O3複合鍍層為一具有耐磨耗、抗氧化耐蝕之材料；由於鍍液中添加固體微粒與金屬離子共析，鍍浴系統的複雜性也相對提高，本研究探討析鍍條件對鍍層性質及其物理與化學特性間相互之關係，將彼此之關聯性加以歸納整理。
根據研究結果指出，鍍層之硬度、耐磨耗性及抗腐蝕性，主要受鍍層中氧化鋁顆粒含量之影響；鍍層之電流效率、密度、析鍍速率、鍍層結構以及鍍層中氧化鋁顆粒含量皆會受電流密度影響，而鍍層硬度、耐磨耗性、抗腐蝕性則不受影響。
鍍液pH值主要影響電流效率、析鍍速率、鍍層結構及鍍層中氧化鋁顆粒含量，而pH值本身對鍍層硬度、耐磨耗性、耐腐蝕性亦有影響。析鍍溫度會影響鍍層之電流效率、鍍層結構以及鍍層中氧化鋁顆粒之析鍍量。另外溫度對於鍍層硬度、耐磨耗性、耐腐蝕性之影響並不低於氧化鋁含量之影響。
鍍液流速僅改變氧化鋁顆粒之析鍍量，而不影響鍍層之電流效率、密度、析鍍速率、鍍層結構及表面粗糙度等基本性質，對於鍍層硬度、耐磨耗性以及抗腐蝕性亦均無影響。改變鍍液中氧化鋁粉末之添加量，不影響電流效率、鍍層結構性質，僅改變鍍層中氧化鋁顆粒之析鍍量。並造成鍍層密度與析鍍速率的些微變化。提高氧化鋁之添加量可提高鍍層硬度、耐磨耗程度，並增加抗腐蝕的能力。

Composite coating developed to meet the requirement of serious environment in industry is more suitable than simplex coating. Method used to fabricate the composite coating by electrodeposition is called composite electrodeposition. The papers and patents concerning with composite electrodeposition gradually increase in recent years due to the advantage of simplicity and economy. This technology has been widely used in industry.
Ni-Al2O3 composite coating manufactured by composite electro-deposition has the properties for wear resistance and anti-corrosion. Solid particles were added into bath to co-deposit with metal ions. In this case of co-deposition, the system was more complicated than that without solid particles. The effect of electrodeposition condition on the properties of coating and relationship between physical and chemical characteristic were studied in this thesis.
From the results in this research, hardness, wear resistance and anti-corrosion were influenced by the content of alumina. According to results of the research, the stiffness, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance will effect by content of the aluminum oxide grain, which embed in the composites by electrophoresis deposition. The current efficiency, composites density, electrodeposition rate and the structure of the composites were depended on current density which was not influence of the chemical and mechanical properties, ie. coatings stiffness, coatings abrasion resistance and coatings corrosion resistance.
The main influence of current efficient, electrodeposition rate and structure of composites was the pH value of the plating bath. It also affected the stiffness, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance.
The property of current efficiency, structure of composites and the amount of alumina in the composite were changed by operating temperature. The temperature effect was more sensitive than the amount of alumina grains in the composites compared with the stiffness, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance of the composites.
The flow rate of plating bath just only changed the amount of alumina grains of the composites and had no influence on current efficiency, composites density, electrodeposition rate structure of composites and surface roughness, stiffness, abrasion resistance and corrosion resistance.
Changing the amount of alumina grain in the plating bath didn’t affect the current efficiency and composite structure except the amount of alumina grain in composites. The different amount of alumina grain in composites caused the change of composite density and electrodeposition rate. Increasing the amount of alumina grain of the plating bath improved the stiffness, abrasion resistance and the ability of corrosion resistance.

中文摘要………………………………………………I
英文摘要………………………………………………III
誌謝……………………………………………………V
目錄……………………………………………………VI
圖目錄…………………………………………………XI
表目錄…………………………………………………XVII
符號說明………………………………………………XVIII

第一章 緒 論……………………………………………1
1-1複合鍍層之介紹………………………………………1
1-2複合電鍍之簡介………………………………………2
1-3複合電鍍製程之優缺點………………………………4
1-4複合電鍍之應用………………………………………5
1-4-1耐磨耗鍍層…………………………………………5
1-4-2自潤性鍍層…………………………………………5
1-4-3耐蝕抗氧化鍍層……………………………………6
1-4-4分散強化物理性質之鍍層…………………………6
1-5文獻回顧………………………………………………6
1-6研究動機………………………………………………8

第二章 原 理……………………………………………10
2-1鎳的電解析鍍…………………………………………10
2-1-1鎳析鍍原理…………………………………………10
2-1-2鍍液中各成分的影響………………………………12
2-1-3常見的鍍液種類與應用……………………………13
2-1-4影響析鍍的因素……………………………………17
2-2複合電鍍的共析機構…………………………………18
2-2-1早期之共析機構－二階段…………………………19
2-2-2現今之共沈積機構－五階段………………………21
2-3析鍍液中粉末特性……………………………………23
2-3-1粉末表面特性………………………………………23
2-3-2溶液中粉末分散現象………………………………24

第三章 實驗設備與步驟…………………………………28
3-1藥品……………………………………………………28
3-2儀器設備………………………………………………29
3-3實驗裝置與步驟………………………………………31
3-3-1析鍍液的配製………………………………………34
3-3-2基材的前處理………………………………………34
3-3-3析鍍操作步驟………………………………………36
3-3-4試片後處理…………………………………………37
3-4鍍層基本性質分析……………………………………37
3-4-1鍍層密度與電流效率及電鍍速率之分析…………37
3-4-2鍍層中氧化鋁粉含量之分析………………………40
3-5鍍層物理與化學性質之分析…………………………43
3-5-1鍍層硬度之分析……………………………………43
3-5-2鍍層耐磨耗強度之分析……………………………43

第四章 析鍍條件對鍍層基本性質的影響………………46
4-1電流密度對鍍層性質的影響…………………………46
4-1-1電流密度對鎳電流效率之影響……………………46
4-1-2電流密度對鍍層密度之影響………………………52
4-1-3電流密度對析鍍速率之影響………………………58
4-1-4電流密度對鍍層結構及表面狀態之影響…………58
4-1-5電流密度對鍍層中氧化鋁粉末含量之影響………69
4-2鍍液pH值對鍍層性質的影響…………………………78
4-2-1鍍液pH值對鎳電流效率之影響……………………78
4-2-2鍍液pH值對鍍層密度之影響………………………81
4-2-3鍍液pH值對析鍍速率之影響………………………85
4-2-4鍍液pH值對鍍層結構及表面狀態之影響…………88
4-2-5鍍液pH值對鍍層中氧化鋁粉末含量之影響………93
4-3鍍液流速對鍍層性質的影響…………………………98
4-3-1鍍液流速對鎳電流效率之影響……………………98
4-3-2鍍液流速對鍍層密度之影響………………………98
4-3-3鍍液流速對析鍍速率之影響………………………101
4-3-4鍍液流速對鍍層結構及表面狀態之影響…………101
4-3-5鍍液流速對鍍層中氧化鋁粉末含量之影響………105
4-4鍍液中氧化鋁粉添加量對鍍層性質的影響…………111
4-4-1鍍液中氧化鋁粉添加量對鎳電流效率之影響……111
4-4-2鍍液中氧化鋁粉添加量對鍍層密度之影響………111
4-4-3鍍液中氧化鋁粉添加量對析鍍速率之影響………112
4-4-4鍍液中氧化鋁粉添加量對鍍層結構及表面狀態之影響…………………………………………………………112
4-4-5鍍液中氧化鋁粉添加量對鍍層中氧化鋁粉末含量之影響………………………………………………………121
4-5析鍍溫度對鍍層性質的影響…………………………124
4-5-1析鍍溫度對鎳電流效率之影響……………………124
4-5-2析鍍溫度對鍍層密度之影響………………………124
4-5-3析鍍溫度對析鍍速率之影響………………………125
4-5-4析鍍溫度對鍍層結構及表面狀態之影響…………125
4-5-5析鍍溫度對鍍層中氧化鋁粉末含量之影響………132

第五章 鍍層物理與化學性質的探討……………………134
5-1鍍層硬度之分析………………………………………134
5-1-1電流密度對鍍層硬度之影響………………………134
5-1-2鍍液pH值對鍍層硬度之影響………………………135
5-1-3鍍液中氧化鋁粉添加量對鍍層硬度之影響………140
5-1-4鍍液流速對鍍層硬度之影響………………………140
5-1-5析鍍溫度對鍍層硬度之影響………………………141
5-2鍍層耐磨耗強度之分析………………………………147
5-2-1電流密度對鍍層耐磨耗強度之影響………………147
5-2-2鍍液pH值對鍍層耐磨耗強度之影響………………152
5-2-3鍍液中氧化鋁粉添加量對鍍層耐磨耗強度之影響153
5-2-4鍍液流速對鍍層耐磨耗強度之影響………………160
5-2-5析鍍溫度對鍍層耐磨耗強度之影響………………161

第六章 綜合討論…………………………………………170
6-1析鍍條件對鍍層基本性質的影響……………………170
6-2鍍層物理與化學特性的探討…………………………175

第七章 結論與建議………………………………………180
7-1結論……………………………………………………180
7-2建議事項………………………………………………181

參考文獻…………………………………………………182

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