臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

CVM是由昇陽電腦公司所設計的Java virtual machine (JVM)。其主要執行的環境為有網路連結的設備。相較於其它用於嵌入式系統的JVM，CVM的優點除了程式碼本身較小、具有高效能的 Just-In-Time編譯技術、支援基本Java程式執行所需的最小核心 class libraries只要一百二十六個classes、並且是目前能支援最多處理器平台的Java VM。然而昇陽電腦所釋出的開放原始碼版本的CVM僅支援到Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME)的VM規範，在甲骨文公司收購昇陽電腦之後，他們就停止釋出新版CVM的原始碼了。本論文的主要目的是要修改J2ME 的CVM原始碼，以支援新的JVM規格中InvokeDynamic bytecode的執行。
InvokeDynamic指令為Java 7新增的功能，提供使用者一個較簡潔的 method 呼叫界面。特別是在Java 8的標準中，廣泛使用了Lambda表示式進行method 呼叫，而在VM底層，Lambda 表示式會產生出InvokeDynamic的bytecode指令。本論文提出對CVM作修改的方法，使其能夠支援符合Java 8規範之InvokeDynamic指令，並且補上該指令所需要之class library，論文目標是讓修改後的J2ME CVM可以通過OpenJDK 8 內附的lambda測試並執行包含lambda表示式之Java程式，並進而執行一些 Java 8 的應用程式。

CVM (the J2ME/CDC JIT-capable VM) is a Java virtual machine released by Sun Microsystems for connected devices. Compare with other JVMs, CVM has some features that are suitable for embedded systems, such as, smaller code size, a high performance Just-in-time compiler, and a small 126-class core library for minimal Java application execution. Most importantly, it has been ported to the largest number of different CPU architecture. However, the open-source version of CVM only supports Java 2 Micro Edition (J2ME). After the acquisition of Sun by Oracle, they stop releasing the new source code of CVM. The goal of this paper is to modify the open-source version of CVM to support the InvokeDynamic bytecode, which was added to the JVM specification since Java 7.
The InvokeDynamic instruction provides a cleaner interface for method invocations. In particular, starting in Java 8, Lambda expressions are extensively used for method invocation. Java source code with Lambda expressions will be compiled to InvokeDynamic bytecodes. In addition to adding the bytecode support for InvokeDynamic to CVM, we will also extend the CVM classes library with the Java classes required by InvokeDynamic. In this thesis, the OpenJDK lambda expression tests will be used to verify the proposed implementation. We will also use some large open-source Java programs that contain lambda expressions to verify the correctness of the modified CVM.

Abstract i
摘要 ii
致謝 iii
目錄 iv
圖目錄 vi
第一章 前言 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 研究成果 1
1.3 論文架構 1
第二章 相關研究 3
2.1 JVM overview 3
2.2 Invoke Instruction 4
2.2.1 Invokestatic 4
2.2.2 Invokevirtual 5
2.2.3 Invokespecial 5
2.2.4 Invokeinterface 6
2.2.5 Optimization 6
2.3 支援InvokeDynamic之JVM 6
2.4 CVM系統架構簡介 7
2.4.1 J2ME 7
2.4.2 Class Verification 9
2.4.3 Attribute 9
2.4.4 Offset 10
2.4.5 Constant Pool 10
2.4.6 TopOfStack and PC 11
2.4.7 Just in Time Compiler 12
第三章 實作Lambda expression and InvokeDynamic instruction 13
3.1 Lambda表示式 13
3.2 Constant Pool Type 14
3.2.1 MethodHandle_info 15
3.2.2 MethodType_info 15
3.2.3 InvokeDynamic_info 15
3.2.4 Modified CVM constant pool 16
3.3 BootstrapMethods attribute 16
3.4 Java.lang.invoke package 18
3.4.1 CallSite 18
3.4.2 Methodhandlenatives 19
3.5 InvokeDynamic instruction 21
3.5.1 Opcode 186 21
3.5.2 InvokeDynamic verify 21
3.5.3 Execute a InvokeDynamic 22
3.5.4 執行其他invoke指令 23
3.6 Modified CVM JIT 23
第四章 實驗結果 25
4.1 實驗環境 25
4.2 實驗測資 25
4.2.1 OpenJDK Lambdatest 25
4.2.2 TomEE server 28
4.3 實驗結果 29
4.3.1 CVM以上之執行結果 29
4.3.2 TomEE之執行結果 30
4.3.3 Hotspot VM與CVM之InvokeDynamic效能比較 30
4.3.4 Invoke method之速度比較 32
第五章 結論與未來展望 34
參考文獻 35

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