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研究生:黃子芸
研究生(外文):Tzu-Yun Hwang
論文名稱:使用人工營養與輸液對中晚期癌症病患主要照顧者照顧負荷與疲憊之影響
論文名稱(外文):The Impact of the Burden and Fatigue among Family Caregivers of Advanced Cancer Patients Using Artificial Nutrition and Hydration
指導教授:黃淑鶴黃淑鶴引用關係
指導教授(外文):Shu-He Huang
學位類別:碩士
校院名稱:國立陽明大學
系所名稱:臨床護理研究所
學門:醫藥衛生學門
學類:護理學類
論文種類:學術論文
論文出版年:2019
畢業學年度:107
語文別:中文
論文頁數:205
中文關鍵詞:癌症中晚期人工輸液照顧負荷疲憊
外文關鍵詞:advanced cancerartificial nutrition and hydrationcaregiver burdenfatigue
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研究背景:癌症中晚期病患因疾病進展,其進食能力與營養攝取的功能受到影響,其主要照顧者在承擔照顧的責任及壓力也不相同,進而影響照顧者於照顧過程中所產生的照顧負荷與疲憊程度也不同。尤其是照顧因疾病因素而無法進食、拒食與進食量差等有進食困擾問題病人的照顧時,照顧者常會希望臨床給予人工輸液的補充,目前已知國內外對癌症中晚期病患是否使用人工輸液尚有不同的觀點,以及未有明確資料可以說明中晚期病患注射人工輸液或營養針是否可以減少照顧者的照顧負荷與疲憊。故本研究主要想透過探討癌症中晚期病患使用人工輸液情況及對其主要照顧者照顧負荷與疲憊的影響情況,瞭解當病人入院接受疾病照護時,由臨床醫護人員提供人工輸液與人工營養是否能夠有效改善癌症中晚期病患的生理功能及照顧者的負荷與疲憊程度。
研究目的:探討癌症中晚期進食量差之病患使用不同人工輸液對其主要照顧者照顧負荷及疲憊程度之影響。
研究方法:本研究採縱貫性調查性研究,利用問卷訪談收集資料。研究北部某醫學中心血液腫瘤科病房癌症中晚期有進食問題之病患主要照顧者。研究工具為病患基本資料問卷、病患口腔進食功能量表(FOIS)、營養狀況量表(PGSGA)、照顧者負荷量表及台灣版簡明疲憊量表(BFT-T),每個個案共施測兩次,入院時發放第一次問卷203份,第二次發放43人因不符合收案條件而流失,共回收160份有效問卷,填答完整性達100%,問卷回收率78.8%,流失率21.2%,屬非自願流失。並使用SPSS 24.0進行結果分析,運用單因子變異數分析、t檢定、卡方檢定、皮爾森績差相關以及簡單線性回歸統計法分析。
研究結果:本研究結果分為二個部份,第一部份為病患生理指標:一入院時依賴管灌飲食組之生理指標(生理功能、營養狀況、緩和預後指標)皆較可由口進食組差。使用輸液7日後依賴管灌飲食組中單純使用人工營養的病患其生理指標皆有改善,但但純使用人工水份及合併兩者使用的病患,其因疾病進展所導致的生理指標變差,皆無法因為人工輸液的補充而改善;可由口進食組中使用輸液7日後生理指標皆較未使用輸液前差。第二部份為照顧者負荷及疲憊:照顧者負荷程度除靈性層面外,其餘層面負荷程度(生理、心理、社會、經濟及整體負荷程度)一入院時依賴管灌飲食組之照顧者負荷程度皆高於可由口進食組,病患使用不同類型輸液及不同熱量、水份量輸液7日後,對於照顧者負荷程度皆無影響;病患使用自費輸液7日後對於依賴管灌飲食組之照顧者經濟負荷、可由口進食組之照顧者生理負荷、經濟負荷有顯著影響。照顧者疲憊部份,一入院時依賴管灌飲食組照顧者疲憊程度皆高於可由口進食組。不同輸液類型及不同輸液總熱量、總水份量及是否使用自費輸液對於照顧者疲憊程度皆有不同層面的影響。本研究發現有進食問題病患的照顧者負荷程度及疲憊程度與照顧者性別(女性)、總共照顧病患時間及每日照顧病患時間、婚姻狀況(已婚)、經濟狀況(感覺有壓力)呈現正相關;與每日睡眠時間及與病患之關係呈現負相關。照顧者負荷及疲憊的顯著預測因子為照顧者性別、照顧者經濟狀況、照顧者婚姻狀況、照顧者關係、每日照顧時間、總共照顧時間、每日睡眠時間、病患生理活動功能及病患緩和預後指標。
結論與應用:當病患進食量不足時,臨床上會因為考量病患的營養狀況、生理指標及照顧者的期待評估人工輸液的使用,但單純的人工營養及水份的補充並無法改善病患的生理功能指標,而照顧負荷及疲憊狀況主要來自於本身的人口學因素及擔心病患進食量不足、營養狀況不佳等原因,醫療人員在照顧病患的同時應敏銳地觀察照顧者是否有照顧負荷及疲憊的問題產生,當醫療處置與照顧者期待達成共識時,為此類病患使用人工輸液對於照顧者的照顧負荷及照顧疲憊確實會有部份程度的改善。期望本研究之結果能提供未來在臨床照護上,醫療人員在評估病患生理狀況進行是否使用人工輸液決策前能引導家屬及病患表達自己的想法、對治療的期待、對病患(照顧者)的要求,雙方進行討論取得共識,落實醫病共享決策,讓醫療人員能根據病患的狀況提供有效的人工輸液建議,照顧者也能減少負面情緒的產生,達到照護需求的平衡。
Background: Advanced cancer progression affects both the ability and function of nutrition intake and, in turn, affects patients’ self-care ability. The various impaired eating conditions of patients include poor intake when eating by mouth and reliance on tube feeding. Because different patients have varied levels of self-care ability, their primary caregivers have disparate responsibilities and stress levels when caregiving. The care burdens and fatigue levels of caregivers during the care process also vary. In particular, when caring for patients who are unable to eat due to disease factors, caregivers often want the patients to be supplemented with artificial hydration or nutrition. Perspectives vary regarding artificial hydration and nutrition for patients with advanced cancer; no evidence exists regarding whether using artificial hydration or nutrition in advanced cancer patients can relieve the care burdens and fatigue of caregivers. Therefore, this study investigated whether the use of artificial hydration and nutrition for advanced cancer patients successfully eases their primary caregivers’ burdens and fatigue.
Objective: This study purpose is to investigate the utilization of advanced cancer patients using artificial nutrition and hydration, and the impact of the care burden and fatigue among family caregivers.
Methods: A longitudinal study paper questionnaire survey was conducted. The research instruments employed were Functional Oral Intake Scale(FOIS), Patient-Generated Subjective Global Assessment (PG-SGA), Caregivers Burden Scale and Brief Fatigue Inventory-Taiwan Form(BFT-T). Data were collected using purposive sampling from July, 2018 to Feburary, 2019; two times followed up surveys were performed. The first time survey, there were 203 participants completed the questionnaires at the time of admission hospitalization, and only 160 participants completed the followed up survey questionnaire, of which 43 were uncompleted the investigation due to the illness or treatments condition of advanced patients, including 8 expired, 12 discharged, 6 caregiver changed, 17 without using artificial hydration, for a valid follow up response rate of 78.8%. After data collection, ANOVA, t- testing, chi-square testing, Pearson’s correlation coefficient, and liner regression were used for statistical analysis.
Results: This study provides two main results. The first result involves patients’ physiological index values. The physiological index (physiological function, nutritional status, and palliative prognostic index) values of oral intake patients were better than those of tube feeding patients who had been admitted to the hospital. All physiological index values of tube feeding patients on artificial nutrition (without artificial hydration) improved after 7 days. However, patients who used either artificial hydration (without tube feeding) or a combination of artificial hydration and tube feeding exhibited inferior physiological indicators after 7 days. The physiological index values of the oral intake patients who received some artificial nutrition and hydration for 7 days all declined. The second result describes caregivers’ burdens and fatigue. The burdens of caregivers of tube feeding patients when the patients were admitted to the hospital were higher than those caring for oral intake patients; this was especially true of the spiritual burden. No changes in the caregivers’ burdens were observed after 7 days when patients had different water content, calories, and types of nutrition and hydration. Among patients who used self-pay nutrition and hydration, the tube feeding patients’ caregivers’ financial burdens and the oral intake patients’ caregivers’ physical and financial burdens significantly decreased. The type, total calories, and water content of nutrition and hydration and the use of self-pay nutrition and hydration affected the caregivers’ fatigue on different levels. This study discovered positive correlations between the burdens and fatigue levels of caretakers of patients with eating problems and the following: female sex, total and daily hours of caring for patients, single marriage status, and financial status (stress level); the caregivers’ hours of sleep and relationships with their patients exhibited negative correlations. The predictive factors of the caregivers’ burdens and fatigue were their sex, financial status, marriage status, role relations, total and daily patient caring hours, daily sleeping hours, patients’ physical function status, and patients’ palliative prognostic index.
Conclusion: When a patient’s oral intake is insufficient, medical staff will consider the patient’s nutritional state, physiological indicators, expectations, and caregiver’s expectations regarding artificial nutrition and hydration. However, in this study, artificial nutrition without hydration and artificial hydration without nutrition did not improve patients’ physiological function. Caregivers’ burdens and fatigue were mainly affected by their own demographic factors and the fear of insufficient food intake and poor nutritional states for their patients. Medical staff should be aware of caregivers’ burdens and fatigue when caring for advanced cancer patients. When medical treatment and caregivers expect a consensus, the use of artificial nutrition and hydration for such patients will relieve the care burden and fatigue of the caregiver. The results of this study are expected to improve the future clinical care of advanced cancer patients. Medical staff, caregivers, and patients can express their opinions and reach consensus before assessing the use of artificial nutrition and hydration. Such consensus can enable medical staff to provide effective artificial nutrition and hydration recommendations based on a patient’s condition. Caregivers can also reduce negative emotions to achieve a balance of care needs.
目錄
致謝 ii
中文摘要 iv
Abstract vi
目錄 ix
圖目錄 xi
表目錄 xii
附錄目錄 xiv
第一章 緒論 - 1 -
第一節 研究動機與重要性 - 1 -
第二節 研究目的 - 4 -
第三節 研究問題 - 5 -
第四節 研究假設 - 6 -
第五節 名詞界定 - 7 -
第二章 文獻查證 - 9 -
第一節 癌症中晚期病患進食狀況現況 - 9 -
第二節 癌症病患人工輸液使用現況 - 11 -
第三節 癌症病患使用人工輸液照護指引 - 13 -
第四節 癌症病患照顧需求及照顧負荷與疲憊的產生 - 17 -
第五節 影響癌症病患主要照顧者負荷與疲憊之因素 - 19 -
第三章 研究方法 - 20 -
第一節 研究設計 - 20 -
第二節 研究架構 - 21 -
第三節 研究場域與研究對象 - 22 -
第四節 研究工具與信效度檢定 - 23 -
第五節 研究步驟 - 27 -
第六節 研究倫理 - 30 -
第七節 資料處理與分析 - 31 -
第四章 研究結果 - 32 -
第一節 研究對象基本屬性 - 32 -
第二節 癌症中晚期病患使用人工輸液之現況 - 43 -
第三節 病患生理狀況及主要照顧者照顧負荷、疲憊現況 - 53 -
第四節 使用不同人工輸液對病患生理指標之影響 - 55 -
第五節 使用不同人工輸液對其主要照顧者照顧負荷及疲憊程度之影響 - 60 -
第六節 主要照顧者人口學變項對其照顧負荷及疲憊程度之影響 - 81 -
第七節 人口學變項與照顧負荷及疲憊程度之相關性 - 142 -
第八節 照顧者負荷及疲憊程度之預測因子 - 151 -
第五章 討論 - 166 -
第一節 研究方法 - 166 -
第二節 癌症中晚期病患使用人工輸液的必要性 - 167 -
第三節 醫療決策是否使用人工輸液的要點 - 168 -
第四節 影響照顧者負荷程度及疲憊程度的影響因素 - 170 -
第六章 研究優勢、限制、建議與結論 - 176 -
第一節 研究優勢與限制 - 176 -
第二節 研究應用與建議 - 178 -
第三節 結論 - 181 -
參考文獻 - 182 -

圖目錄
圖3-1 研究架構 - 21 -
圖3-2 研究流程 - 28 -
圖3-3 收案流程 - 29 -

表目錄
表4-1-1 病患基本屬性之分布(N=160) - 37 -
表4-1-2 照顧者基本屬性之分布(N=160) - 40 -
表4-2-1:癌症中晚期病患使用人工輸液現況(N=160) - 49 -
表4-2-2:不同進食狀況使用不同輸液之病患生理狀況統計(N=160) - 52 -
表4-3:一入院時病患生理狀況、照顧者照顧負荷及疲憊程度現況(N=160) - 53 -
表4-4-1:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與ECOG之差異(N=160) - 57 -
表4-4-2:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與PGSGA之差異(N=160) - 58 -
表4-4-3:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與PPI之差異(N=160) - 59 -
表4-5-1:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與照顧負荷生理層面之差異(N=160) - 61 -
表4-5-2:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與照顧負荷心理層面之差異(N=160) - 62 -
表4-5-3:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與照顧負荷社會層面之差異(N=160) - 63 -
表4-5-4:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與照顧負荷經濟層面之差異(N=160) - 64 -
表4-5-5:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與照顧負荷靈性層面之差異(N=160) - 65 -
表4-5-6:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與整體照顧者負荷之差異(N=160) - 66 -
表4-5-7:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與疲憊題一之差異(N=160) - 70 -
表4-5-8:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與疲憊題二之差異(N=160) - 71 -
表4-5-9:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與疲憊題三之差異(N=160) - 72 -
表4-5-10:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與疲憊題四之差異(N=160) - 73 -
表4-5-11:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與疲憊題五之差異(N=160) - 74 -
表4-5-12:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與疲憊題六之差異(N=160) - 75 -
表4-5-13:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與疲憊題七之差異(N=160) - 76 -
表4-5-14:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與疲憊題八之差異(N=160) - 77 -
表4-5-15:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與疲憊題九之差異(N=160) - 78 -
表4-5-16:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與疲憊題十之差異(N=160) - 79 -
表4-5-17:不同進食狀況之病患使用不同人工輸液類型與整體疲憊程度之差異(N=160) - 80 -
表4-6-1:照顧者人口學變項與照顧負荷生理層面之差異(N=160) - 84 -
表4-6-2:照顧者人口學變項與照顧負荷心理層面之差異(N=160) - 87 -
表4-6-3:照顧者人口學變項與照顧負荷社會層面之差異(N=160) - 90 -
表4-6-4:照顧者人口學變項與照顧負荷經濟層面之差異(N=160) - 93 -
表4-6-5:照顧者人口學變項與照顧負荷靈性層面之差異(N=160) - 96 -
表4-6-6:照顧者人口學變項與照顧負荷量表總分之差異(N=160) - 99 -
表4-6-7:照顧者人口學變項與疲憊題一之差異(N=160) 109
表4-6-8:照顧者人口學變項與疲憊題二之差異(N=160) 112
表4-6-9:照顧者人口學變項與疲憊題三之差異(N=160) 115
表4-6-10:照顧者人口學變項與疲憊題四之差異(N=160) 118
表4-6-11:照顧者人口學變項與疲憊題五之差異(N=160) 121
表4-6-12:照顧者人口學變項與疲憊題六之差異(N=160) 124
表4-6-13:照顧者人口學變項與疲憊題七之差異(N=160) 127
表4-6-14:照顧者人口學變項與疲憊題八之差異(N=160) 130
表4-6-15:照顧者人口學變項與疲憊題九之差異(N=160) 133
表4-6-16:照顧者人口學變項與疲憊題十之差異(N=160) 136
表4-6-17:照顧者人口學變項與整體照顧者負荷之差異(N=160) 139
表4-7-1:照顧者負荷與照顧者人口學變項之相關矩陣(N=160) - 147 -
表4-7-2:照顧者疲憊與照顧者人口學變項之相關矩陣(N=160) - 149 -
表4-8-1:照顧者負荷之迴歸分析表(N=160) - 158 -
表4-8-2:照顧者疲憊之迴歸分析表(N=160) - 159 -

附錄目錄
附錄一 基本資料問卷 - 193 -
附錄二 營養狀況評估量表 - 197 -
附錄三 照顧者負荷量表 - 199 -
附錄四 台灣版簡明疲憊量表 - 200 -
附錄五 緩和功能量表(PPS) - 201 -
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