臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

銲接為造船界廣泛使用來連接部件的技術，銲接種類可以分為固態銲接及融態銲接，船廠較常使用的是屬於融態銲接的金屬遮蔽銲接(SMAW)及氣體保護銲接(GMAW)，由於融態銲接需要對銲件輸入巨大熱量，這將會導致銲件變形，並且導致銲件內部產生殘餘應力以及銲接變形，影響部件銲接後的幾何與強度。本文以有限元素分析軟體模擬板材銲接過程以及造成的殘餘應力、銲接變形，並討論板材銲接在後的挫曲強度。有限元素模擬分成兩個部分：第一步使用實體單元模擬板材銲接加熱的過程，以不同溫度下的材料性質如楊氏模量、降伏強度、柏松比等，模擬材料加熱過程材料性質的改變，並研究平板結構與圓筒殼結構銲接後的變形，找出銲道附近的位移及應力的分佈模式；第二步將銲接導致的位移分佈及殘餘應力分佈加載至圓筒殼結構上，研究受到銲接變形及殘餘應力影響的圓筒殼挫曲強度將如何改變。我們藉由分別以實體單元與板單元進行挫曲強度分析，知道以板單元簡化模型趨向於高估銲後挫曲強度；藉由模擬不同銲接溫度造成的影響，我們確認了銲接溫度會增加銲後變形，並擴大殘餘應力分佈的範圍，進而影響銲後挫曲強度，其行為趨向隨銲接溫度增加而挫曲強度下降；藉由分析不同程度簡化的圓筒殼模型，發現在僅考慮銲後變形的簡化模型，傾向低估具有較低波數模態的挫曲強度，而高估具有較高波數模態的挫曲強度。

The welding technique, such as gas metal arc welding (GMAW) and shield metal arc welding (SMAW), are commonly used to connect the components of ship in shipyard. During the welding process, the large input of heat causes the distortion and the generation of residual stress of the weldment. Also, it affects the geometry and strength of the component after welding. In this thesis, we simulate the process of plate welding by commercial finite element software, ABAQUS, and we analyze the post-weld residual stress distribution and distortion. We further study the buckling strength of the cylindrical shell after welding. We first perform the welding analysis of flat plate and compare the numerical results with experimental results to verify our simulation process. Then, we performed the analysis of buckling strength of cylindrical shell from the previous experience. There are two steps in the cylindrical shell welding analysis: First, we use coupled temperature-displacement elements to simulate the heating process. The change of the material properties at different temperature, such as Young’s modulus, yield strength, Poisson’s ratio, etc., are considered. And we study the distortion of cylindrical shell after welding, and find out the distribution pattern of distortion and residual stress near the weld bead. Second, we apply the welding-induced distortion and residual stress on the cylindrical shell to perform the buckling analysis, and discuss the influence of the welding-induced distortion and residual stress on the buckling strength of the cylindrical shell. According to the buckling strength analysis of cylindrical shell by solid-element model and plate element model, we know that the plate-element model tends to overestimate the post-welding buckling strength of cylindrical shell. The results of welding simulation in different temperature show that magnitude of deformation and the distribution range of residual stress of the weldment increase as the welding temperature increase. And the buckling strength of cylindrical shell decreases when the welding temperature is increased. By analyzing the different kinds of simplified model of cylindrical shell, we found that the buckling strength of the cylindrical shell which only considers post-welding deformation is underestimated when the buckling wavenumber is low, and the buckling strength is overestimated when the buckling wavenumber is high.

目錄
致謝 I
摘要 III
Abstract V
圖目錄 IX
表目錄 XIII
第1章 緒論 1
1.1 研究動機 1
1.2 文獻回顧 2
第2章 基本理論 3
2.1 銲接基本理論 3
2.2 塑性力學基本理論 4
2.2.1 von Mises降伏準則 8
2.2.2 應變硬化定義 10
2.3 有限元素法基本理論 12
2.3.1 有限元素法應用於熱固耦合問題 13
2.3.2 熱源模形 17
2.3.3 有限元素法應用於挫曲強度分析 21
第3章 研究方法 23
3.1 平板有限元素法銲接模擬 23
3.1.1 有限元素模型及材料參數 23
3.1.2 銲接方向殘餘應力比較 27
3.1.3 其餘方向殘餘應力 30
3.2 圓筒殼有限元素法銲接模擬 33
3.2.1 有限元素模型及材料參數 34
3.2.2 銲後比較 35
3.2.3 銲後變形與殘餘應力分佈曲線擬合 39
3.3 有限元素法挫曲強度分析 42
3.3.1 銲後變形影響 44
3.3.2 銲後殘餘應力影響 49
第4章 數值算例 55
4.1 環向銲接接合長圓筒殼 57
4.1.1 銲接溫度對銲後變形與殘餘應力影響 57
4.1.2 銲接溫度對銲後挫曲強度影響 73
4.2 環向銲接加強材長圓筒殼 74
4.2.1 環向銲接加強材長圓筒殼挫曲強度分析 78
4.2.2 銲後變形與殘餘應力分佈曲線擬合 80
4.2.3 銲接溫度對銲後變形與殘餘應力影響 83
4.2.4 銲接溫度對銲後挫曲強度影響 104
第5章 結論 107
參考資料 109

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