臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文目的在探討老鼠斑對蛋白質及油脂的需求，同時並探討飼料中添加不同蛋白質及油脂含量對於老鼠斑免疫反應的影響。
實驗一以魚粉為蛋白質來源，魚油/玉米胚芽油 (2:1) 為油脂來源，利用纖維素及α-澱粉調整能量，分別配置五組不同蛋白質 (40 %~60 %) 低油脂 (7 %) 含量之等能量飼料及五組不同蛋白質 (40 %~60 %) 高油脂 (12 %) 含量之等能飼料投餵老鼠斑幼苗10週。結果顯示，低油脂組成長隨著蛋白質含量增加而增加，在蛋白質含量60 %組有最高的增重率 (429 %)，各組間均有顯著差異 (p< 0.05)，飼料轉換率 (Feed Conversion Ratio, FCR) 在0.97~1.45之間，特殊成長率 (Specific Growth Rate, SGR) 在1.76~2.38之間，FCR及SGR均會隨著蛋白質含量增加而改善。蛋白質效率 (Protein Efficiency Ratio, PER) 在1.67~1.83之間，隨著蛋白質含量增加而降低，老鼠斑肌肉組織之水分、灰分、油脂各組間並無顯著差異 (p> 0.05)，肌肉粗蛋白則隨著飼料蛋白質含量增加而增加。超氧陰離子產生率亦隨著蛋白質含量增加而增加。高油脂組成長隨著蛋白質含量增加而增加，在蛋白質含量60 %組有最高的增重率 (435 %)。FCR在0.93~1.29之間，SGR在1.83~2.40之間，FCR及SGR會隨著蛋白質含量增加而改善。PER在1.73~1.96之間，隨著蛋白質含量增加而降低，老鼠斑肌肉組織之水分、灰分、油脂各組間並無顯著差異 (p> 0.05)，肌肉粗蛋白則隨著飼料蛋白質含量增加而增加。超氧陰離子產生率亦隨著蛋白質含量增加而增加。two-way ANOVA統計顯示，相同蛋白質含量時，提高飼料油脂可顯著改善SGR、PER及超氧陰離子產生率 (p< 0.05)。
實驗二以脫脂魚粉為蛋白質來源，魚油/玉米胚芽油 (2:1) 為油脂來源，利用纖維素及α-澱粉調整能量，配置五組蛋白質含量55 %，油脂含量4 %~12 %之等能飼料投餵老鼠斑幼苗12週。結果顯示，在油脂含量10 %組有最高的增重率 (454 %)，以二次回歸曲線求得最適油脂含量為9.74 %，FCR在1.39~1.73之間，與成長呈負相關，SGR在1.78~2.04之間，PER在1.06~1.32之間， SGR及PER則與呈長成正相關。老鼠斑肌肉組織之水分、灰分、粗蛋白各組並無顯著差異 (p> 0.05)，肌肉油脂含量則隨著飼料油脂含量增加而增加；在油脂含量4 %~10 %組，超氧陰離子產生率在油脂含量10 %組達最高。
實驗三以脫脂魚粉為蛋白質來源，魚油/玉米胚芽油 (2:1) 為油脂來源，配置五組蛋白質含量60 %，油脂含量2 %~14 %之不等能飼料(能量隨油脂含量增加而增加)投餵老鼠斑幼苗12週。結果顯示，油脂含量14 %組有最高的增重率 (497 %)，broken line 求得最適油脂含量為12.13 %，FCR在1.35~1.76之間，與油脂含量呈負相關，SGR在1.68~2.13之間，PER在0.93~2.15之間，SGR及PER則與油脂含量呈正相關。老鼠斑肌肉組織之水分、灰分各組並無顯著差異 (p> 0.05)，肌肉蛋白質含量在油脂含量2 %組顯著低於其他組別 (p< 0.05)，肌肉油脂含量則隨著飼料油脂含量增加而增加；超氧陰離子產生率在油脂含量14 %組最高。

The purpose of this study is aimed to know the effect of dietary protein and lipid on the growth performance and immune response of humpback grouper (Cromileptes altivelis).
In the first trial, fish meal was used as dietary protein source, fish oil/corn acrospire oil (2:1)was used as dietary lipid source, α-starch and cellulose was used as energy regulater. Duplicate grouper of humpback grouper (4.58g initial average weight)were fed isocaloric diets containing five dietary protein levels from 40 to 60 % diet with 5 % increment and two dietary lipid levels with 7 % and 12 % for 10 weeks. Humpback grouper fed a diet containing 60 % protein (7 % lipid level )had the best weight gain (429 %),and there was significant different among each diets. Food conversion ratio (FCR)were 0.97 ~ 1.45. Specific growth rate (SGR)were 1.76~2.38. FCR and SGR were improve with dietary protein increase .Protein efficiency ratio (PER) were 1.67~1.83. PER was decrease with dietary protein increase. Moisture, ash and crude lipid in muscle was no significant different among each diets. Crude protein in muscle was increase with dietary protein increase. Humpback grouper fed a diet containing 60 % protein (7 % lipid level )had the best Superoxide anion (O2-) production ratio and Superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity were the highest at humpback grouper fed with 60 % protein diet.
Humpback grouper fed a diet with 60 % protein (12 % lipid level )had the best weight gain (435 %),and was significant different among each diets besides 55 % protein. FCR were 0.93~1.29. SGR were 1.83~2.40.FCR and SGR were improve with dietary protein increase . PER were 1.73~1.96. PER was decrease with dietary protein increase. Moisture, ash and crude lipid in the muscle was no significant different among each diets. Crude protein in the muscle was increase with dietary protein increase. Humpback grouper fed a diet with 60 % protein (7 % lipid level )had the best O2- production ratio and SOD activity. By two way ANOVA, ay the same protein level, increase lipid level from 7 % to 12 % can improve SGR,PER,Superoxide anion production ratio.
In the second trial, non-fat fish meal was used as dietary protein source, fish oil/corn acrospire oil (2:1)was used as dietary lipid source, α-starch and cellulose was used as energy regulater. Duplicate grouper of humpback grouper (3.23g initial average weight)were fed isocaloric diets containing five dietary lipid levels from 4 to 12 % diet with 2 % increment and 55 % dietary protein level for 12 weeks. Humpback grouper fed a diet with 10 % lipid (55 % protein level )had the best weight gain (454 %),and no significant different in 8 % and 10 % lipid levels. Based on the percentage weight gain using second-order polynomial regression analysis, the optimal dietary lipid of juvenile humpback grouper was found to be approximately 9.74 %. FCR were 1.39~ 1.73. SGR were 1.78~2.04. PER were 1.06~1.32. SGR and PER were increase with growth increase. Moisture, ash and crude protein about muscle was no significant different among each diets. Crude lipid about muscle was increase with dietary lipid increase. O2- production ratio was increase with dietary lipid increase when lipid levels from 4 % to 10 %, and had decrease tendency when lipid level at 12 %. SOD activity was no significant different between each treatments.
In the third trial, non-fat fish meal was used as dietary protein source, fish oil/corn acrospire oil (2:1)was used as dietary lipid source. Duplicate grouper of humpback grouper (3.23g initial average weight)were fed isocaloric diets with five dietary lipid levels from 2 to 14 % diet with 3 % increment and 60 % dietary protein level for 12 weeks. Humpback grouper fed a diet with 12 % lipid (60 % protein level )had the best weight gain (497 %),and no significant different in 11 % lipid levels. Based on the percentage weight gain using broken line analysis, the optimal dietary lipid of juvenile humpback grouper was found to be approximately 12.13 %. FCR were 1.35~1.76. SGR were 1.68~2.13. PER were 0.93~2.15. Moisture and ash in the muscle was no significant different among each diets. There was the lowest crude protein when dietary lipid in 2 %, and significant lower then other treatment. O2- production ratio was increase with dietary lipid increase. SOD activity was no significant different between each treatments.

謝辭-------------------------------------------------------i中文摘要--------------------------------------------------ii英文摘要--------------------------------------------------iv目錄-----------------------------------------------------vii表目錄--------------------------------------------------viii圖目錄-----------------------------------------------------x
前言-------------------------------------------------------1文獻整理---------------------------------------------------3材料方法--------------------------------------------------12結果------------------------------------------------------20討論------------------------------------------------------29
參考文獻--------------------------------------------------39

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