臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

氣候變化帶來了對人類和地球的威脅，讓各國開始關注環境保護和節能，以
減少對化石燃料的依賴。而目前有多種可再生能源，例如：太陽能，風力，潮汐
能和地熱能的發展。 其中太陽能和風能最具潛能。
而目前風力發電機的傳動系統大多以行星齒輪箱（Planetary
GearBoxes,PGBs）為傳動系統，在本文主要研究使用電子控制式無段變速
(Electronically Controlled Continuously Variable Transmission, ECVT)，研究利用馬
達與齒輪的旋轉位移傳遞給螺桿使螺桿產生軸向位移的方式，使ECVT 驅動盤間
距改變達到皮帶在驅動盤與背動盤上的節徑變化，皮帶的盤面開度拉開產生變速
作用，其傳動輪採用直接驅動方式，利用馬達與齒輪的旋轉位移傳遞給螺桿使螺
桿產生軸向位移的方式產生盤面開閉來達到驅動皮帶在輪盤上的節徑變化方式，
進而改變傳動系統速比以平和動力傳遞。
本文使用PID 控制器邏輯的設計，控制ECVT 傳動系統之傳動比，為ECVT
動力的輸出（後端）軸提供穩態和動力分配功能。 在這項研究中，主要的重點
是PID 控制，因為輸出轉矩根據用於發電的發電機的負載而變化。
PID 控制器實驗和微調後，實現了穩態輸出和功率分配功能。 因此，具有
ECVT 動力系統與PID 控制器的風力發電機能夠提供穩定高效輸出的理想解決方
案。

Climate change brought about the threat to humanity and the earth, due to which countries began to focus on environmental protection and energy conservation to reduce to dependency on fossil fuel. At present, focus has been centered on development of renewable energy, such as solar energy, the wind, tidal energy and geothermal energy. One of most used and researched field is wind energy and usage of wind turbines.

　At present, most of the transmission systems of wind turbines are based on Planetary Gear Box (PGBs). In this paper, we mainly study the use of Electronically-Controlled Continuously Variable Transmission (ECVT).
Motor and gear rotation is used to change the linear position of screw of ECVT drive disk, thus controlling the ECVT pulley diameter for the front end of transmission train. Thus by controlling the axial displacement of the screw through control of rotational speed and rotational direction, the diameter and rate of change of diameter of the front end pulley of CVT powertrain can be controlled.

　This paper is based on designing of a PID controller logic to control the ECVT powertrain gear ratio to provide Steady-speed and Power-split function for output (rear-end) shaft of the ECVT powertrain. In this research, main focus is development of PID with manual fine-tuning, since the output torque changes according to the load of generator used for electricity generation.

　After experimentation and fine-tuning of PID controller, steady-speed output and power-split function was achieved. This concludes that PID controller with ECVT powertrain is an ideal solution for providing a stable and efficient output through a wind turbine.

目 錄
中文摘要 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------ i
英文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
誌 謝 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii
目 錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- iv
表目錄 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- v
圖目錄 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vi
符號說明 --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- vii
第一章 緒 論 ---------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.1 前言----------------------------------------------------------------------------1
1.2 文獻回顧---------------------------------------------------------------------3
1.3 研究目的與方法------------------------------------------------------------4
1.4 本文架構---------------------------------------------------------------------5
第二章 台灣風力發電-----------------------------------------------------------------6
2.1 可再生能源------------------------------------------------------------------6
2.2 太陽能與風能SWOT------------------------------------------------------7
2.3 風力發電機的架構-------------------------------------------------------13
2.3.1 水平軸式風力發電機-----------------------------------------------------14
2.3.2 垂直軸式風力發電機-----------------------------------------------------15
第三章 風力發電機系統------------------------------------------------------------16
3.1 風力發電機系統介紹----------------------------------------------------16
3.2 無段變速系統--------------------------------------------------------------19
3.2.1 機械式無段變速系統---------------------------------------------------19
3.2.1 電子控制式無段變速系統---------------------------------------------21
3.3 發電機系統-----------------------------------------------------------------22
3.4 本章結論 --------------------------------------------------------------------23
第四章 實驗步驟 ---------------------------------------------------------------------- 24
4.1 發電機效率量測----------------------------------------------------------24
4.2 測試平台 --------------------------------------------------------------------31
4.3 PID 介紹-------------------------------------------------------------------32
4.4 控制策略--------------------------------------------------------------------33
4.5 本章結論--------------------------------------------------------------------36
第五章 穩速與功率分流控制 ------------------------------------------------------ 37
5.1.1 葉片模擬---------------------------------------------------------------------37
5.1.2 ECVT 穩速測試------------------------------------------------------------37
5.2 功率分流測試---------------------------------------------------------------40
5.2.1 葉片模擬---------------------------------------------------------------------40
5.2.2 ECVT 穩速測試------------------------------------------------------------41
5.3 本章結論----------------------------------------------------------------------43
第六章 結論與未來發展方向------------------------------------------------------44
6.1 綜合結論----------------------------------------------------------------------44
6.2 未來工作與建議------------------------------------------------------------45
參考文獻------------------------------------------------------------------------------46

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