臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著經濟的快速成長，高科技的進步，產品生命週期越來越短，使得市場上的競爭越來越激烈，為了滿足市場上的需求，如何有效的控制存貨對企業而言是很重要的。然而，近期隨著原物料短缺、物價上漲，導致企業之經營成本提高，如何有效降低成本、提高利潤，已是企業能否永續發展的重要課題。
在本研究中，發展一個考量單一製造商與單一零售商的存貨系統，商品具有損耗之特性，以致於商品損壞造成缺貨問題之發生，而目標在於得到最大化之總利潤。為了補償零售商之缺貨損失，因此，製造商提供給零售商延遲付款期限之策略，而此策略並非能夠使整體供應鏈成員互蒙其利，因而加入協商因子來平均分享雙方之利潤，以達到雙贏之效果。而本存貨系統在有限的補貨率和價格敏感需求的情況下，並設定為高科技、生命週期短和損耗性的商品。最後經由數值範例分析、敏感度分析，以了解各個參數對本模式之影響，並做出結論。

In this study, we develop a collaborative inventory system consisting of one vendor and one buyer. The objective is to maximize the total profit of the whole system when shortage caused by the imperfect quality can be completely backordered. To compensate the buyer’s shortage loss, the vendor allows delay in the buyer’s payment. Although such an incentive policy is reasonable in the collaborative system, the optimal solution of the whole system is not always beneficial to all players. To ensure mutual benefit to every player, a negotiation mechanism is incorporated to share the profit between both players according to their contribution. A perishable inventory system with finite replenishment rate and price sensitive demand is set to simulate a real situation of the high-tech, short life cycle and perishable fashion product. A numerical example and sensitivity analysis are carried out to illustrate the model.

目錄
中文摘要 I
英文摘要 II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
圖目錄 VI
表目錄 VIII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 研究背景與動機 1
1.2 研究目的與範圍 2
1.3 研究方法與步驟 2
1.4 論文章節概要 3
第二章 相關文獻探討 5
2.1 損耗性存貨相關文獻 5
2.2 協同相關文獻 7
2.3 延遲付款期限相關文獻 8
2.4 允許缺貨之存貨模式 10
第三章 損耗性商品在不考慮協同定價與延遲付款之存貨模式 13
3.1 問題定義與描述 13
3.2 研究假設 14
3.3 模式符號說明與定義 15
3.4 存貨模式推導 17
3.5 求解步驟 21
3.6 數值範例之說明 22
3.7 敏感度分析 24
3.8 變異數分析 47
第四章 損耗性商品在協同定價之存貨模式 48
4.1 問題定義與描述 48
4.2 研究假設 49
4.3 模式符號說明與定義 50
4.4 存貨模式推導 52
4.5 求解步驟 56
4.6 數學範例之說明 57
4.7 敏感度分析 59
4.8 變異數分析 82
第五章 損耗性商品在協同定價與延遲付款之存貨模式 83
5.1 問題定義與描述 83
5.2 研究假設 85
5.3 模式符號說明與定義 86
5.4 存貨模式推導 88
5.5 求解步驟 92
5.6 數學範例之說明 93
5.7 敏感度分析 95
5.8 變異數分析 121
第六章 結論與未來研究方向 122
6.1 結論 122
6.2 研究貢獻 124
6.3 未來研究方向 124
參考文獻 125
附錄A 129
附錄B 130



圖目錄
圖1.1 論文研究架構..........................................................................................................................4
圖3.1 製造商與零售商之存貨水準................................................................................................13
圖3.2 總利潤和之敏感度分析圖....................................................................................................37
圖3.3 零售價格之敏感度分析圖....................................................................................................39
圖3.4 需求價格敏感參數b 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖............................................................41
圖3.5 需求尺度參數a 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖....................................................................41
圖3.6 訂購成本o C 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖..........................................................................42
圖3.7 持有成本 & 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖.....................................................................42
圖3.8 存貨損耗率 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖........................................................................43
圖3.9 缺貨成本b C 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖..........................................................................43
圖3.10 生產速率p 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖..........................................................................44
圖3.11 設置成本s C 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖.........................................................................44
圖3.12 單位成本v
 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖.........................................................................45
圖3.13 購買價格b  對運送次數之敏感度分析圖.........................................................................45
圖4.1 製造商與零售商之存貨水準................................................................................................48
圖4.2 聯合總利潤之敏感度分析圖................................................................................................72
圖4.3 零售價格之敏感度分析圖....................................................................................................74
圖4.4 需求價格敏感參數b 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖............................................................76
圖4.5 需求尺度參數a 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖....................................................................76
圖4.6 訂購成本o C 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖..........................................................................77
圖4.7 持有成本 & 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖.....................................................................77
圖4.8 存貨損耗率 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖........................................................................78
圖4.9 缺貨成本b C 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖..........................................................................78
圖4.10 生產速率p 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖..........................................................................79
圖4.11 設置成本s C 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖.........................................................................79
圖4.12 單位成本v
 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖.........................................................................80
圖4.13 購買價格b  對運送次數之敏感度分析圖.........................................................................80
圖5.1 製造商與零售商之存貨水準................................................................................................84
圖5.2 聯合總利潤之敏感度分析圖..............................................................................................109
圖5.3 零售價格之敏感度分析圖.................................................................................................. 111
圖5.4 需求價格敏感參數b 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖..........................................................113
圖5.5 需求尺度參數a 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖..................................................................113
圖5.6 訂購成本o C 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖........................................................................114
圖5.7 持有成本 & 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖...................................................................114
圖5.8 存貨損耗率 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖......................................................................115
圖5.9 缺貨成本b C 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖........................................................................115
圖5.10 生產速率p 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖........................................................................116
圖5.11 設置成本s C 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖.......................................................................116
圖5.12 單位成本v
 對運送次數之敏感度分析圖.......................................................................117
圖5.13 購買價格b  對運送次數之敏感度分析圖.......................................................................117
圖5.14 延遲付款期限之敏感度分析圖........................................................................................119



表目錄
表2.1 損耗性存貨相關文獻整理......................................................................................................6
表2.2 協同相關文獻整理..................................................................................................................7
表2.3 延遲付款期限相關文獻整理..................................................................................................9
表2.4 缺貨相關文獻整理................................................................................................................ 11
表2.5 相關文獻整理........................................................................................................................12
表3.1 零售商之相關參數說明........................................................................................................15
表3.2 製造商之相關參數說明........................................................................................................15
表3.3 製造商與零售商之相關參數說明........................................................................................16
表3.4 變數說明...............................................................................................................................16
表3.5 數值範例參數數值................................................................................................................22
表3.6 最佳解整理表........................................................................................................................23
表3.7 需求價格敏感參數b 的敏感度分析....................................................................................25
表3.8 需求尺度參數a 的敏感度分析............................................................................................26
表3.9 零售商訂購成本o C 之敏感度分析......................................................................................27
表3.10 製造商與零售商之存貨持有成本 & 的敏感度分析...................................................28
表3.11 缺貨成本b C 的敏感度分析................................................................................................29
表3.12 存貨損耗率 的敏感度分析..............................................................................................30
表3.13 製造商設置成本s C 之敏感度分析.....................................................................................31
表3.14 製造商生產速率p 的敏感度分析......................................................................................32
表3.15 製造商單位成本v  的敏感度分析.....................................................................................33
表3.16 零售商購買價格b  的敏感度分析.....................................................................................34
表3.17  內所有參數變化總利潤對原始參數總利潤之敏感度（%）......................................36
表3.18  內所有參數變化零售價格對原始參數零售價格之敏感度（%）..............................38
表3.19  內所有參數變化運送次數對原始參數運送次數之敏感度（%）..............................40
表3.20 需求尺度參數a 與需求價格敏感b 參數樣本變數資料表...............................................47
表3.21 需求尺度參數a 與需求價格敏感b 參數的ANOVA 表...................................................47
表4.1 零售商之相關參數說明........................................................................................................50
表4.2 製造商之相關參數說明........................................................................................................50
表4.3 製造商與零售商之相關參數說明........................................................................................51
表4.4 變數說明...............................................................................................................................51
表4.5 數值範例參數數值................................................................................................................57
表4.6 最佳解整理表........................................................................................................................58
表4.7 需求價格敏感參數b 的敏感度分析....................................................................................60
表4.8 需求尺度參數a 的敏感度分析............................................................................................61
表4.9 零售商訂購成本o C 的敏感度分析......................................................................................62
表4.10 製造商與零售商之存貨持有成本 & 的敏感度分析...................................................63
表4.11 缺貨成本b C 的敏感度分析.................................................................................................64
表4.12 存貨損耗率 的敏感度分析..............................................................................................65
表4.13 製造商設置成本s C 的敏感度分析.....................................................................................66
表4.14 製造商生產速率p 的敏感度分析......................................................................................67
表4.15 製造商單位成本v
 的敏感度分析.....................................................................................68
表4.16 零售商購買價格b
 的敏感度分析.....................................................................................69
表4.17  內所有參數變化聯合總利潤對原始參數聯合總利潤之敏感度（%） ......................71
表4.18  內所有參數變化零售價格對原始參數零售價格之敏感度（%） ..............................73
表4.19  內所有參數變化運送次數對原始參數運送次數之敏感度（%） ..............................75
表4.20 需求尺度參數a 與需求價格敏感b 參數樣本變數資料表...............................................82
表4.21 需求尺度參數a 與需求價格敏感b 參數的ANOVA 表...................................................82
表5.1 零售商之相關參數說明........................................................................................................86
表5.2 製造商之相關參數說明........................................................................................................87
表5.3 製造商與零售商之相關參數說明........................................................................................87
表5.4 變數說明...............................................................................................................................88
表5.5 數值範例參數數值................................................................................................................93
表5.6 最佳解整理表........................................................................................................................94
表5.7 需求價格敏感參數b 的敏感度分析....................................................................................96
表5.8 需求尺度參數a 的敏感度分析............................................................................................97
表5.9 零售商訂購成本o C 的敏感度分析......................................................................................98
表5.10 製造商與零售商之存貨持有成本 & 的敏感度分析...................................................99
表5.11 缺貨成本b C 的敏感度分析...............................................................................................100
表5.12 存貨損耗率 的敏感度分析............................................................................................101
表5.13 製造商設置成本s C 的敏感度分析...................................................................................102
表5.14 製造商生產速率p 的敏感度分析....................................................................................103
表5.15 製造商單位成本v
 的敏感度分析...................................................................................104
表5.16 零售商購買價格b
 的敏感度分析...................................................................................105
表5.17 協商因子NEG的敏感度分析..........................................................................................106
表5.18  內所有參數變化聯合總利潤對原始參數聯合總利潤之敏感度（%） ....................108
表5.19  內所有參數變化零售價格對原始參數零售價格之敏感度（%） ............................110
表5.20  內所有參數變化運送次數對原始參數運送次數之敏感度（%） ............................112
表5.21  內所有參數變化延遲付款期限對原始參數延遲付款期限之敏感度（%） ............119
表5.22 需求尺度參數a 與需求價格敏感b 參數樣本變數資料表.............................................121
表5.23 需求尺度參數a 與需求價格敏感b 參數的ANOVA 表.................................................121

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