臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

　　電力配電系統規劃的主要目的，是滿足系統在規劃期間之負載成長和負載需求，且建立一個最小成本(含初始投資成本及損失成本)的配電系統最佳規劃，同時符合設備容量、電壓降及系統電力供需平衡的限制條件。本研究在求解一放射狀配電系統之饋線型式及電容器大小與地點配置。此為一複雜的組合最佳化問題。本文將提出一新方法－－複合式差分進化退火法（Hybrid Differential Evolution Simulated Annealing Method），該方法結合模擬退火法和差分進化法。適合應用在高維度空間最佳化的問題解之搜尋。
使用模擬退火法的統計接受函數，主要是用在限制可行解的不利移動，經證實它解決了差分進化法中最佳化兩個重要的問題：其一是使人口數能夠維持在很小，其二是有助於後續的登山程序搜尋。本文方法已應用於一17個匯流排及另一33個匯流排的配電系統，計算結果顯示該方法是一有效的方法。

The goal of power distribution system planning is to satisfy the load growth and system load demand during the planning period. An optimal planning for a distribution system must have a minimum cost (initial investment cost and energy loss cost) meeting the constraints of facility capacities, voltage drops, and power balance. In this thesis, the optimal feeder type and capacitor size and location for a radial distribution system are to be determined which is a complex combinatorial optimization problem. A Hybrid Differential Evolution Simulated Annealing (HDESA) method, which combines Simulated Annealing and Differential Evolution, is proposed. This method is suitable for solution search for the optimization problem with high dimensional space. The employed SA stochastic acceptance function internally limits adverse moves of solutions. This is shown to solve two key problems in DE optimization: population can be kept small, and hill — climbing in the later phase of the search is facilitated. The proposed method has been applied to two application systems (17-bus and 33-bus systems) for a target year. The computational results demonstrate that HDESA is an effective method.

目 錄
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景及動機 1
1-2 文獻探討 2
1-3 研究內容概述 4
第二章 饋線與電容器配置之成本計算及分析 6
2-1 前言 6
2-2 饋線電力損失計算 6
2-3 年損失成本 10
2-3-1 年能量成本 10
2-3-2 年需求成本 11
2-4 初始投資成本 12
第三章 問題描述及數學模型 13
3-1 簡介 13
3-2 考慮負載變動性的饋線與電容器配置規劃 13
3-2-1 目的、問題描述、假設及限制條件 13
3-2-2 考慮負載變動性的饋線及電容器配
置方法 15
3-2-3 數學模式 16
第四章 最佳化問題解法─複合式差分進化退火法 19
4-1 模擬退火法 19
4-2 差分進化法 23
4-3 複合式差分進化退火法 25
4-4 求值及選擇 34
第五章 實例應用 36
5-1 系統一的描述 36
5-1-1 差分進化法應用於實例 39
5-1-2 模擬退火法應用於實例 47
5-1-3 複合式差分進化退火法應用於實例 56
5-1-4 差分進化法、模擬退火法、複合式
差分進化退火法應用於實例的比較 68
5-2 系統二的描述 78
5-2-1 差分進化法的規劃結果 81
5-2-2 模擬退火法的規劃結果 86
5-2-3 複合式差分進化退火法的規劃結果 90
5-2-4 差分進化法、模擬退火法、複合式
差分進化退火法規劃結果的比較 94
第六章 結論與展望 95
6-1 結論 95
6-2 未來的研究方向建議 98
參考文獻 100

[1]. M. Ponnavaikko and K. S. Prakasa Raq. , “ A Approach to Optimal Distribution S ystem Planning through Conductor Gradation “ IEEE Trans. PAS.,vol. 101, No.6, June 1982, pp. 1735-1742.
[2]. A. W. Funk Houser, “A Method FOR distribution Systems “, AIEEE Trans. On PAS. June 1955 pp. 479-484.
[3] J. V. Schmill, “ Optimum Size and Location of Shunt Capacitor on Distribution Feeders “, IEEE Trans. On PAS., vol. PAS. 84, No. 9,Septermber 1965, pp. 825-932.
[4]. Villasana L. L. ,” Transmission Network Estimation Using Linear Programming “,IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol.PAS-89, Sept/Oct 1970, pp. 1688-1697.
[5]. Villasana R. ,Graver L. L. ,Salon S. J. ,” Transmission Network Plannimg Using Linear Programming IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol.PAS-104, No. 2, February 1985, pp. 349-356.
[6]. J. K. Relson and S. M. Shahidehpour, “ Linear Programming Application to Power System Economics, Planning and Operations “, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. 7,No. 3,August 1992, pp. 1155-1163.
[7]. D. L. Wall. ,G. L. Thompson, J. E. D. Northcote-green, “ An Optimization Model for Planning Radial Distribution Neworks “, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol.PAS-98,No. 3, May/June 1979,pp. 1061-1068.
[8]. H. Duran, “ Optimum Number,Location,and Size of Shunt Capacitors in Radial Distribution Feeder-A Dynamic Programming Approach “, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol.PAS-87,No. 9,September 1968,pp. 1769-1774.
[9]. Frrag, M. ,Elmetwall, M. M., “ New Method for Transmission Planning using Mix-Integer Programming “,Generation Transmission and Distribution “,IEE Proceedings C,Vol. 135 No. 2,July 1988,pp. 310-323.
[10]. K, Aoki, M. Fan and A. Nishikori, “Optimal VAR Planning by Approximation Method for Recursive Mixed Integer Linear Planning “, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. PAS-3,No. 4,November 1988,pp.1741-1747.
[11]. S. S. Sachdeva and R. Billinton, “Optimum Network VAR Planning by Nolinear Programming “, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. PAS-92,Jul/Aug 1973,pp.1217-1225.
[12]. K. Kara. Etc, ” Multi-year Expansion Planning for Distribution Systems ”, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. 6,No. 3,August 1991,pp. 952-958.
[13]. Angel Marin,Javier Salmeron, “ Electri Capacity Expansion under Uncertain Demand:Decomposition “, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. 13, No. 2,May 1998,pp.333-339.
[14] S. H. Lee and I. J. Grainger, “Optimum Placement of Fixed and Switched Capacitors on Primary Distribution Feededs”, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. PAS- 100,No. 1,January 1981,pp.345-352.
[15]. M. K. Mangoli,K. Y. Lee and Y. M. Park, “ Optimal Long Term Reactive Power Planning Using Decomposition Techniques “, Electric Power System Research,Vol.26,No. 1,January 1993,pp. 41-52.
[16]. Thomphson G. L. and D. L. Wall,” A Branch and Bound Model for Choosing Optimal Substation Location “, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. PAS-100,No. 5,May 1981,pp. 2683-2688.
[17]. J. T. Boardman and C. C. Electricity Distribution Planning Problems “, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. PAS-104,No. 8,August 1985,pp.2112-2118.
[18]. S. Kirkpatrick, C. D. Gelatt, and M. P.Vecchi ,“ Optimization by Simulated Annealing “,Science Joural,Vol. 220,No. 4598,May 1983, pp.671-680.
[19]. H. D. Chiang etc, “ Optimal capacitor Placement in Distribution Part1:
A New Formulation and the Overall Problem “, IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 5,No. 2,April 1990,pp.634-643.
[20]. C. W. Hasselfied etc, “ An Automated Method for Least Cost Distribution Planning “, IEEE Trans. Power Delivery, Vol. 5,No. 2,April 1990,pp.1188-1194.
[21]. S. Sundharajan and A. Pahwa, “ Optimal Selection for Capacitors on Radial Distribution System using Genetic Algorithm “, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. 9,No. 3,August 1994,pp. 1449-1507.
[22]. Lee Y. K. and B. Xiaomin, “ Optimization Method for Reactive Power Planning by using a Modified Simple Genetic Algorithm “, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. 10,No. 4,November 1995,pp. 1843-1850.
[23] K. Iba, “ Reactive Power Optimization by genetic Algorithm “, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. 9,No. 2,May 1994,pp. 685-692.
[24]. R. Storn, “ On the Usage of Differential Evolution for Function Optimization “, IEEE Proceeding of North American Fuzzy Information Processing,June 1996,pp.519-523.
[25]. K. V. Price, “ Differential Evolution : A F ast and Simple Numerical Optimizer “, IEEE Proceeding of North American Fuzzy Information Processing,June 1996,pp.519-523.
[26]. 蘇慶宗,何金生,” 應用差分進化法於配電系統電容器配置　“,國立中正大學電機工程研究所碩士論文,1999年4月.
[27]. K. Tomsovic, ” A Fuzzy Linear Programming Approach to the Reactive Power-Dynamic Programming Approach for Feeder Capacitor Scheduling “, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. 9,No. 2,May 1994,pp. 1069-1073.
[28]. Y. Y. Hsu and C. C. Yang, “ A Hybrid Artificial Neural Network-Dynamic Programming Approach FOR feeder Capacitor Scheduling “, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. 9,No. 2,May 1994,pp.1069-1075.
[29]. V. Geamocanin,D. Andonov,D. Trajanov,B. Stojkovska, “ Optimal Power System VAR Planning AI Algorithm “,Mediterranean Electrtechnical Conference,1998,MELECON 98,9 th Vol. 2,1998,pp.1066-1070.
[30]. W. S. Jwo,C. W. Liu,C. C. Liu and Y. T. Hsiao, “ Hybrid Expert System and Simulated Annealing Approach to Optimal Reactive Power Planning “,IEEE Proceeding Generation Transmission and Distribution,Vol. 42,No.4,July 1995,pp. 381-385.
[31]. Zhuding Wang,Haijun Liu,David C. Yu,Xiaohui Wang and Hongquan Song, “ A Practical Approach the Conductor Size Selection on Planning Radial Distribution Systems “, IEEE Transaction on Power Delivery, Vol. 15,No. 1,January 2000,pp. 350-353.
[32]. Sujit Mandal and Anilpahma, “ Optimal Selection of Conducts for Distribution Feeders “, IEEE Transaction on Power System, Vol. 17,No. 1,February 2002,pp. 楨192-197.
[33]. Turan Gonen “ Electric Power Distribution system Engineering “,New York, McGraw-hill book Company,1986.
[34]. 梁瑞勳,鄭楨國,” 配電系統虛功率與電壓控制之研究”, 國立雲林科技大學電機工程研究所碩士論文,1999年4月.