臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究將太陽能擷取電路與鋰離子電池做整合，為了將可視為一種直流能源的太陽能轉換成可對電池充電的電能，本晶片整合了震盪器、緩衝器、升壓轉換器、電池充電防護電路以及可充電式鋰離子電池。由於太陽能電池的輸出電壓產生電壓比較小，因此利用升壓轉換電路轉換成電能，使得不穩定的能量源電壓能夠穩定在固定電壓，可不斷對電池進行充電，並且在系統上增加充電防護電路保護鋰離子電池，使得該晶片成為一個可以環境能驅動並可自行對鋰離子電池充電的電路。本電路使用台積電T18製程，晶片大小為0.36×0.34 ，消耗功率102.6 ，最大輸出電流為13.5 ，最終可使用輸入電壓0.6V對鋰離子電池進行充電，並且可充電至1.65V。

This research integrates a ring oscillator, a buffer, a boost converter circuit and a battery charger circuit for use solar energy to charge Li-ion battery. The battery charger is designed to convert solar energy to electricity and then store it in the battery. Because the output voltage of the solar cell is lower than normal voltage source, it uses the boost converter to boost voltage into higher level. Next, a battery charger circuit which uses the output voltage of the boost converter protects the Li-ion rechargeable battery. So we achieve the target which uses the solar cell to charge the Li-ion rechargeable battery. This circuit uses TSMC T18 technology and chip size is 0.36×0.34 . It consumes power 102.6 and it maximum output current is 13.5 . It uses the input voltage 0.6V to charge the Li-ion battery achieve 1.65V.

指導教授推薦書
口試委員審定書
中文摘要 iii
英文摘要 iv
目錄 v
圖目錄 vii
第一章 緒論 1
論文架構 3
第二章 電池充電保護電路原理 4
2-1 直流對直流升壓電路 4
2-1-1振盪器(Oscillator) 5
2-1-2緩衝器(Buffer) 6
2-1-3升壓轉換器(Boosting Converter) 6
2-2 電池充電防護電路 18
2-2-1截止充電電路(End-of-Charge Circuit) 22
2-2-2細流充電開啟電路（Trickle Charge Flag Circuit） 23
2-2-3轉導放大器(Operational Transconductance Amplifier) 24
2-2-4電流倍增器(Current Gain) 25
2-3 太陽能電池等效模組電路 27
第三章 電池充電保護電路量測與模擬結果 31
3-1直流對直流升壓電路的模擬與量測 31
3-1-1 直流對直流升壓電路各子電路模擬結果 31
3-1-2直流對直流升壓電路量測結果 35
3-2 電池充電防護電路模擬與測量 38
3-2-1 直流對直流升壓電路各子電路模擬結果 39
3-2-2 電池充電防護電路量測 44
3-3 升壓轉換器與電池充電保護整合電路 47

3-3-2升壓轉換器與電池充電保護整合電路量測結果 50
第四章 結論 53
4-1 升壓轉換器 53
4-2 電池充電電路 53
4-3 整合電路 54
參考文獻 55
圖目錄
圖 1-1 電路架構圖 ...............................................................................3
圖 2- 1 升壓轉換器架構圖...................................................................4
圖 2- 2 環形震盪器架構圖...................................................................5
圖 2- 3 緩衝器架構圖...........................................................................6
圖 2- 4 升壓轉換器架構圖...................................................................7
圖 2- 5 CCM 電感電流 ..........................................................................7
圖 2- 6 開關閉合...................................................................................8
圖 2- 7 開關斷開...................................................................................9
圖 2- 8 CCM 電感電流 ........................................................................12
圖 2- 9 DCM 電感電流........................................................................13
圖 2- 10 非理想升壓放大器...............................................................15
圖 2- 11 升壓轉換器責任周期對輸出電壓.......................................16
圖 2- 12 升壓轉換器責任周期對轉換效率.......................................17
圖 2- 13 電池充電保護電路架構圖...................................................19
圖 2- 14 電池充電電壓與電流曲線圖...............................................20
圖 2- 15 截止充電電路架構圖...........................................................22
圖 2- 16 細流充電電路架構圖...........................................................23
圖 2- 17 轉導放大器架構圖...............................................................24
圖 2- 18 電流倍增器架構圖...............................................................26viii
圖 2- 19 理想太陽能電池等效架構圖...............................................27
圖 2- 20 太陽能電池的 I-V 特性曲線圖 ...........................................29
圖 3- 1 升壓轉換器架構圖 ................................................................31
圖 3- 2 環形震盪器輸出電壓............................................................32
圖 3- 3 緩衝器輸出電壓....................................................................33
圖 3- 4 升壓轉換器模擬參數............................................................33
圖 3- 5 電感大小對電流比較圖........................................................34
圖 3- 6 掃描結果................................................................................35
圖 3- 7 升壓轉換器佈局圖................................................................36
圖 3- 8 升壓轉換器晶片測試板........................................................36
圖 3- 9 升壓轉換器對頻率掃描........................................................37
圖 3- 10 升壓轉換器對責任周期掃描..............................................38
圖 3- 11 電路架構圖 ..........................................................................38
圖 3- 12 截止充電電路模擬結果......................................................39
圖 3- 13 細流充電開啟電路模擬結果..............................................40
圖 3- 14 轉導放大器模擬結果..........................................................41
圖 3- 15 電流倍增器模擬結果..........................................................41
圖 3- 16 模擬電路架構圖..................................................................42
圖 3- 17 模擬輸出電壓......................................................................43
圖 3- 18 模擬電流輸出......................................................................44
圖 3- 19 電池充電防護電路佈局圖..................................................45ix
圖 3- 20 電池充電防護測試電路板..................................................45
圖 3- 21 電池電流充電曲線圖..........................................................46
圖 3- 22 電池電壓充電曲線圖..........................................................46
圖 3- 23 整合電路架構圖..................................................................47
圖 3- 24 模擬電路架構圖..................................................................48
圖 3- 25 輸出電壓模擬結果..............................................................49
圖 3- 26 輸出電流模擬結果..............................................................49
圖 3- 27 整合電路的佈局圖..............................................................50
圖 3- 28 整合電路的測試電路板......................................................51
圖 3- 29 池電流充電曲線圖..............................................................51
圖 3- 30 電池電壓充電曲線圖..........................................................52

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