臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究使用TSMC 0.18μm Mixed Signal/RF 1P6M CMOS製程研製UHF 915MHz 被動式射頻辨識標籤前端電路設計。電路中成功整合了電壓乘法器、限壓器、電壓源參考電路、穩壓器、解調器、振盪器、除頻器及電源啟動重置電路，晶片面積包含I/O Pads占0.78 × 0.64mm^2。前端電路工作所需的能量來自於無線電波之能量的擷取，為了增加輸出電壓及功率轉換效能，我們使用Native CMOS元件之零臨界電壓特性去建置十級電壓乘法器電路。整體前端電路可接收最小輸入功率-6dBm的RF訊號產生1.5伏特的電壓做為晶片內部的電源供應，並驅動其他內部電路正常工作，資料傳輸速率為125Kbps，內部振盪器可輸出1.7MHz的穩定時脈。晶片採用打鎊線至印刷電路板上，並加入匹配網路做整合量測，功率消耗為32μW。

In this thesis, an UHF 915MHz passive front-end circuit design for RFID transponder is proposed by using TSMC 0.18μm Mixed Signal/RF 1P6M CMOS process. The passive front-end circuit consists of a voltage multiplier, a voltage limiter, a voltage reference, a regulator, a demodulator, an oscillator, a divider and a power-on-reset circuit. The chip area only requires 0.78 × 0.64mm^2 with I/O pads. The power for front-end circuit is harvested from the incident UHF radio waves. In order to increase output voltage and power efficiency, we used zero threshold voltage of native CMOS device to establish ten-stage voltage multiplier. The passive front-end circuit can generate DC voltage 1.5V in minimum input power is as low as -6dBm. This stable voltage can power up the other internal circuits and make them work regularly. The data rate is 125Kbps and internal output of oscillator is 1.7MHz。The chip used bond- wire to printed circuit board and used matching components to measurement, the power consumption is approximately 32μW.

Chapter1 Introduction 1
1.1 Background and Applications 1
1.2 Motivation 4
1.3 Thesis Organization 5

Chapter2 The Overview of RFID System 6
2.1 The Type of RFID Tag 6
2.2 The Operating Frequency of RFID System 7
2.3 RFID System Components and Operating Method 9
2.3.1 Operation Principle of RFID System 9
2.3.2 Communication and Energy Transfer 10
2.4 The Standards of RFID System 12
2.4.1 ISO Standard 12
2.4.2 EPC Standard 13
2.5 Modulation Type 18
2.5.1 ASK Modulation 20
2.5.2 FSK Modulation 21
2.5.3 PSK Modulation 22

Chapter3 UHF Passive RFID Tag Front-end Circuits Design 23
3.1 Introduction 23
3.2 Architecture 24
3.2.1 Matching Network 25
3.2.2 Charge Pump 26
3.2.2.1 Voltage Multiplier 27
3.2.2.2 Voltage Limiter and Voltage Reference 30
3.2.2.3 Regulator 33
3.2.3 Demodulator 34
3.2.4 Power on Reset(POR) 35
3.2.5 Ring Oscillator 36
3.2.6 TSPC Divider 37

Chapter4 Simulation and Measurement Results 39
4.1 Simulation Results 39
4.1.1 Voltage Multiplier 39
4.1.2 Charge Pump 48
4.1.3 Power on Reset(POR) 52
4.1.4 Ring Oscillator 52
4.1.5 TSPC Divider 53
4.1.6 Demodulator 53
4.1.7 Matching Network 54
4.1.8 Whole Circuits 56
4.1.9 Summary 61

4.2 Measurement Results 62
4.2.1 Dipole Antenna 62
4.2.2 Demodulator of UHF Passive RFID Tag (T18-99C) 64
4.2.2.1 Architecture (T18-99C) 64
4.2.2.2 Testing Environment (T18-99C) 65
4.2.2.3 Measurement Results (T18-99C) 66
4.2.2.4 Summary Table (T18-99C) 68
4.2.3 UHF Passive RFID Transponder Front-end Circuit (T18-100B) 69
4.2.3.1 Architecture (T18-100B) 69
4.2.3.2 Matching Network (T18-100B) 69
4.2.3.3 Testing Environment (T18-100B) 71
4.2.3.4 Measurement Results (T18-100B) 73
4.2.3.5 Summary and Comparison Table (T18-100B) 79

Chapter5 Conclusion 80
References 81
Appendix 84
Vita 91

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