臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

感應馬達在本身結構特性上有許多的優點，如架構堅固、易於維護、價格更便宜等優點，所以在工業應用的場合中，感應馬達是扮演了相當重要的角色。近幾年來由於直接轉矩控制技術日漸成熟，然而直接轉矩控制與磁場導向控制的不同之處在於它並不企圖複製出直流馬達驅動器的電機行為，而是著眼於以PWM變頻器驅動之感應馬達的磁通與轉矩產生能力的充分利用。在這種認知上，直接轉矩控制可被視為感應馬達控制的一種嶄新的觀念。
本文主要目的為結合以切換表為基礎的直接轉矩控制和以空間向量調變為基礎的直接轉矩控制，並進一步發展出一個適當的選擇切換策略，以實現一感應馬達驅動器之混合式直接轉矩控制技術。在暫態操作期間，驅動器使用切換表控制的傳統直接轉矩控制法則以使馬達保有快速之轉矩響應，在穩態時驅動器則採用空間向量調變法的改良式直接轉矩控制以降低轉矩、轉速、磁通及電流等漣波。因本文所提之方法結合了傳統與改良式的直接轉矩控制技術之優點，故由電腦模擬與實驗結果顯示出本法在馬達暫態及穩態響應上均有良好之性能表現。

Induction motors have been widely used in industry applications. According to its mechanical structure identities, the induction motor has a lot of advantages such as stable structure, low price, simplicity of maintenance and so on. Recently, direct torque control technique has been well developed. Differently from the field-oriented control (FOC), DTC does not tend to reproduce the electromechanical behavior of a dc motor drive but is aimed at a complete exploitation of the flux and torque-producing capabilities of an induction motor (IM) fed by a pulse width modulation (PWM) inverter. In this case, DTC can be viewed as a novel concept in the control of IM drives.
This paper develops a hybrid direct torque control (H-DTC) strategy, which combine the switching-table -based direct torque control (ST-DTC) and the space vector modulation direct torque control (SVM-DTC), for high performance induction motor (IM) drives. A switching logic is designed for choosing either the ST-DTC or SVM-DTC strategy during the drive operation to guaranty transient and steady-state performance. Under transient operating conditions, the fast torque response is preserved by using ST-DTC, while better steady-state performance is achieved by using the SVM-DTC. The effectiveness of the proposed method will be demonstrated by computer simulations and experimental tests.

中文摘要………………………………………………………………………………… i
英文摘要………………………………………………………………………………… ii
誌謝……………………………………………………………………………………… iii
目錄……………………………………………………………………………………… iv
表目錄…………………………………………………………………………………… vi
圖目錄…………………………………………………………………………………… vii
符號說明………………………………………………………………………………… x
第一章 緒論……………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.1 研究動機…………………………………………………………………………… 1
1.2 研究背景與目的…………………………………………………………………… 2
1.3 內容大綱…………………………………………………………………………… 3
第二章 感應馬達動態之數學模式與系統描述………………………………………… 5
2.1 簡介………………………………………………………………………………… 5
2.2 感應馬達數學模式………………………………………………………………… 5
2.3 變頻器調變方式之探討…………………………………………………………… 11
2.3.1 正弦脈波寬度調變法…………………………………………………………… 12
2.3.2 電壓空間向量脈波寬度調變法………………………………………………… 14
第三章 直接轉矩控制與磁通控制……………………………………………………… 19
3.1 簡介………………………………………………………………………………… 19
3.2 直接轉矩控制原理………………………………………………………………… 19
3.3 感應馬達直接轉矩控制的系統架構……………………………………………… 22
3.3.1 三相電壓、電流轉換到對應的 兩軸電壓、電流…………………………… 23
3.3.2 定子磁通、電磁轉矩及定子磁通相位角度 的計算………………………… 24
3.3.3 開關切換表……………………………………………………………………… 24
3.3.4 速度控制器……………………………………………………………………… 27
3.4 空間向量調變為基礎之直接轉矩控制…………………………………………… 28
3.4.1 感應馬達改良式直接轉矩控制的系統架構…………………………………… 28
3.4.2 參考電壓向量策略……………………………………………………………… 29
3.5 混合式直接轉矩控制……………………………………………………………… 32
3.5.1 感應馬達混合式直接轉矩控制的系統架構…………………………………… 32
3.5.2 切換邏輯………………………………………………………………………… 33
第四章 電腦模擬………………………………………………………………………… 34
4.1 傳統直接轉矩控制與混合式直接轉矩控制之模擬響應………………………… 34
4.1.1 正轉無載模擬…………………………………………………………………… 35
4.1.2 正反轉無載模擬………………………………………………………………… 38
4.1.3 正反轉加載模擬………………………………………………………………… 41
4.1.4 正轉加載模擬…………………………………………………………………… 44
4.2 傳統、改良式直接轉矩控制與混合式直接轉矩控制之模擬響應比較………… 47
4.3 模擬結果討論……………………………………………………………………… 49
第五章 實驗結果………………………………………………………………………… 50
5.1 硬體架構簡介……………………………………………………………………… 50
5.1.1 個人電腦………………………………………………………………………… 50
5.1.2 馬達控制界面卡………………………………………………………………… 51
5.1.3 變頻器功率驅動電路…………………………………………………………… 52
5.1.4 感應馬達與光編碼器…………………………………………………………… 52
5.2 軟體架構…………………………………………………………………………… 52
5.3 傳統直接轉矩控制與混合式直接轉矩控制之實驗響應………………………… 53
5.3.1 正轉無載實驗…………………………………………………………………… 54
5.3.2 正反轉無載實驗………………………………………………………………… 69
5.4 傳統、改良式直接轉矩控制與混合式直接轉矩控制之響應比較……………… 72
5.5 實驗結果討論……………………………………………………………………… 74
第六章 結論與建議……………………………………………………………………… 75
6.1 結論………………………………………………………………………………… 75
6.2 建議………………………………………………………………………………… 75
參考文獻………………………………………………………………………………… 77
附錄……………………………………………………………………………………… 83
簡歷……………………………………………………………………………………… 84

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