臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

數位影像關係(Digital Image Correlation，DIC)法，是一全區域、非接觸式且非破壞的應變量測方式，此法是利用取像設備對試片變形前、後擷取影像，藉由影像的變化，分析求得試片上某一區域的位移、應變情形。本文提出二階段式數位影像相關法，在第一階段利用粗到細疊代法(coarse-fine iterative technique)求出變形後參考點的位移，接著在第二階段利用有限元素法(Finite element method)求取相對應的應變。實驗方面先以剛體平移來驗證程式的準確性，避免在實驗過程中取像設備(charge-coupled device，CCD)、光源及其它實驗上的誤差；本文在平板試片的表面上製作特徵斑點，在背面貼附應變規(Strain gauge)，且在拉伸實驗過程中以鹵素燈(Halogens light)作為穩定的光源，藉由比較應變規的應變值及程式求得的應變值，是否有相同的趨勢，來驗證DIC的準確性外，並且加入Wiener2影像濾波器及鄰近影像的分析對DIC的影響；另外還選用碳纖維複合材料、高分子材料的試片更進一步的驗證DIC的可用性。接著發展至三維數位影像關係(Three Dimensional Digital Image Correlation，3D-DIC)法，將試片表面形貌量測出來，並以逆向工程-3D光學掃描系統來驗證此量測之準確性。

Digital image correlation (DIC) is a whole-field, non-contact and non-destructive strain measuring method. This method captures the surface image of a specimen before and after the deformation, and then the displacement as well as strain information about the surface of the specimen can be obtained by analyzing the change of the images. In this work, a two-step DIC is presented. In the first step, the coarse-fine iterative technique is used to search the displacement of an interested region of the specimen, and then the strain can be obtained by utilizing the finite element method in the second step. To verify the accuracy of this method, a rigid-body motion experiment which prevents the error from the CCD sensor, lighting or other experimental error resource is used. On the surface of the specimen, random specimen speckle pattern by spray paint have been tested. Strain gauges are adhered on the back of the specimen. Furthermore, to have a more stable light resource, we provide the Halogens light as well. By comparing the value from the strain gauge and the method, one can verify the accuracy of DIC. In addition, the effects of image filters (wiener2) and the adjacent images are considered. Also composite material specimens and polymer material specimens are tested to obtain their mechanical properties. Then, the development of three-dimensional digital Image correlation method is developed. The obtained morphology from the surface of a specimen is compared to those obtained from reversed engineering-3D optical scanning system.

目錄
中文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- i
英文摘要 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- ii
目錄 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- iii
表目錄 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- vi
圖目錄 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- viii
符號說明 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- xi

一、緒論 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.1 研究背景與動機--------------------------------------------------------------- 1
1.2 文獻回顧------------------------------------------------------------------------ 1
1.3 研究目的------------------------------------------------------------------------ 4
1.4 論文架構------------------------------------------------------------------------ 5
二、理論基礎 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 6
2.1 二維數位影像關係法--------------------------------------------------------- 6
2.2 第一階段數位影像關係法--------------------------------------------------- 7
2.2.1 程式參數設定------------------------------------------------------- 7
2.2.2 影像前處理---------------------------------------------------------- 7
2.2.3 子影像的變形與像素的假設------------------------------------- 9
2.2.4 影像重建------------------------------------------------------------- 10
2.2.5 影像相關性---------------------------------------------------------- 11
2.2.6 粗到細疊代法------------------------------------------------------- 12
2.3 第二階段數位影像關係法--------------------------------------------------- 13
2.3.1 四節點四邊形平面元素------------------------------------------- 13
2.3.2 鄰近影像之疊加應變---------------------------------------------- 14
2.4 三維數位影像關係法--------------------------------------------------------- 14
2.4.1 相機校正------------------------------------------------------------- 17
2.4.2 影像還原------------------------------------------------------------- 19
三、實驗方法與步驟 -------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
3.1 程式驗證------------------------------------------------------------------------ 21
3.1.1 理想實驗------------------------------------------------------------- 21
3.2 試片前處理--------------------------------------------------------------------- 21
3.3 鋁平板試片軸向拉伸試驗--------------------------------------------------- 22
3.3.1 實驗設備及流程---------------------------------------------------- 22
3.4 複合材料平板試片軸向拉伸試驗------------------------------------------ 26
3.4.1 預浸材料之疊層---------------------------------------------------- 26
3.4.2 熱壓成型------------------------------------------------------------- 27
3.4.3 複合材料試片製作------------------------------------------------- 29
3.5 高分子試片軸向拉伸試驗--------------------------------------------------- 31
3.5.1 高分子材料試片製作---------------------------------------------- 31
3.6 3D-DIC法相機校正實驗---------------------------------------------------- 33
3.7 3D-DIC法影像還原---------------------------------------------------------- 35
3.8 逆向工程-3D光學掃描系統------------------------------------------------ 36
3.8.1 實驗設備規格及流程---------------------------------------------- 36
四、結果與討論 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 38
4.1 程式驗證------------------------------------------------------------------------ 38
4.2 鋁試片軸向拉伸試驗--------------------------------------------------------- 38
4.3 複合材料試片軸向拉伸試驗------------------------------------------------ 42
4.4 濾波的影響--------------------------------------------------------------------- 44
4.5 高分子試片軸向拉伸試驗--------------------------------------------------- 47
4.6 3D-DIC法相機校正實驗---------------------------------------------------- 48
4.6.1 校正參數之驗證---------------------------------------------------- 56
4.7 3D-DIC法影像還原實驗---------------------------------------------------- 65
五、結論與建議 --------------------------------------------------------------------------- 81
5.1 結論------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 81
5.2 建議------------------------------------------------------------------------------ 82
參考文獻 ----------------------------------------------------------------------------- 83

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