臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

電容器配置之應用對於電力品質提升具有良好之效益，本論文提出一套新的演算法來解決電容器最佳規劃問題及提供配電系統調度員下決策時之參考。首先，分析這問題所需的基本資料，如匯流排電壓和饋線電流等等，將藉由一組遞迴式的負載潮流方程式計算，可決定出配電系統中各饋線電流，功率及各匯流排電壓之大小。接著本文提出一套多目標最佳演算法結合模擬退火法來解配電系統電容器最佳規劃問題，其目標函數並以模糊集合建構之，以表現其參數的不確定性和使用者對各目標函數的主觀性。
本文所提多目標最佳演算法是以限制法為基礎的交談式演算法來解電容器最佳設置位置、容量大小、型式及不同負載情形下所需投入容量設定問題，所考慮的目標包括投資成本、電力損失、電壓變動量、饋線電流，這些都是系統管理操作者最關心的問題，使用者藉交談步驟中提供個人對各目標喜好程度或系統安全性及電力品質的需求，即可得到一組滿足的非劣解，有效而快速地解決這種多目標最佳化問題。
為了驗証本文提出之方法的有效性，本研究並以一台電11.4KV，含32個
匯流排的配電系統來進行測試。由測試結果，驗証所提方法非常適合應用於求解電容器配置問題。

A proper capacitor placement technique can effectively enhance the power quality. This work presents a new approach for solving the capacitor placement problem and helps the dispatcher making policy decisions. To obtain the essential states of system conditions, such as bus voltages and feeder currents, this study utilizes the power flow analyses which are evaluated by a set of recursive equations to calculate the feeder currents and bus voltages. Then, a multi-objective algorithm is presented to solve the capacitor placement problem in a distribution system. These objective functions in the considered problem are modeled with fuzzy sets to express their uncertain and subjective characteristics.
Moreover, an interactive trade-off method based on the simulated annealing and the ε-constrained technique is presented for the optimal capacitor allocation problem. To the most concerns of the system planner, the objective formulation involves cost investment, power loss, deviation of the bus voltage, and feeder’s current. With the interactive steps, the planner can provide his or her preference on each objective or requirement of system security and service quality to resolve the multi-objective optimization problem and reach a non-inferiority solution.
To verify the effectiveness of the proposed method, the method is applied to a Taipower distribution system with the voltage level of 11.4KV and 32 buses. Computation results have shown that the proposed method is suitable for applications to the capacitor placement problem.

目 錄
第一章 序論 ………………………………………………… 1
1-1研究背景及動機 ………………………………………… 1
1-2文獻探討 ………………………………………………… 2
1-3研究內容概要 …………………………………………… 3
第二章 虛功率補償與線路損失 …………………………… 6
2-1前言 ……………………………………………………… 6
2-2虛功率補償之效益 ……………………………………… 7
2-3負載潮流分析 …………………………………………… 8
2-3-1潮流方程式法 ……………………………………… 9
2-3-2饋電線損失計算 …………………………………… 12
第三章 最佳化問題解法 …………………………………… 13
3-1動態規劃法 ……………………………………………… 13
3-1-1簡介 ………………………………………………… 13
3-1-2動態規劃法之求解程序 …………………………… 14
3-2模擬退火法 ……………………………………………… 19
3-2-1簡介 ………………………………………………… 19
3-2-2波茲曼選擇機構 …………………………………… 20
3-2-3模擬退火演算法 …………………………………… 22
第四章 最佳化方法之應用 ………………………………… 25
4-1系統一描述 ……………………………………………… 25
4-2數學模式 ………………………………………………… 27
4-2-1目標函數 …………………………………………… 27
4-2-2限制條件 …………………………………………… 28
4-2-3電容器補償最佳化之數學模式 …………………… 29
4-3應用動態規劃法於電容器規劃 ………………………… 29
4-4應用模擬退火演算法於電容器規劃 …………………… 34
第五章 多目標最佳規劃 …………………………………… 37
5-1簡介 ……………………………………………………… 37
5-2模糊表示法 ……………………………………………… 37
5-3多目標函數最佳化 ……………………………………… 39
5-3-1交談式模糊滿足法 ………………………………… 41
5-3-2ε限制法 …………………………………………… 42
第六章 電容器最佳規劃 …………………………………… 46
6-1簡介 ……………………………………………………… 46
6-2電容器規劃問題的數學模式 …………………………… 46
6-2-1降低電容器之投資成本 …………………………… 46
6-2-2降低電能損失成本 ………………………………… 47
6-2-3降低匯流排電壓之偏移量 ………………………… 47
6-2-4增加饋線及變壓器之負載容量餘裕 ……………… 48
6-3目標函數模糊化 ………………………………………… 48
6-4問題解析及限制 ………………………………………… 51
6-5交談式ε限制法演算步驟 ……………………………… 52
第七章 實例應用 …………………………………………… 57
7-1前言 ……………………………………………………… 57
7-2系統二模擬測試 ………………………………………… 57
7-3模擬結果 ………………………………………………… 62
第八章 結論與展望 ………………………………………… 76
8-1結論 ……………………………………………………… 76
8-2未來的研究方向及展望 ………………………………… 77
參考文獻 …………………………………………………… 78

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