臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文係以無線感測網路(Wireless sensor network, WSN)之Zigbee技術結合葡萄糖生醫感測器。無線感測系統經由圖形化程式語言(Laboratory virtual instrumentation engineering workbench, LabVIEW)被實現。無線感測系統可分為前端之葡萄糖檢測系統及後端之傳輸平台二個部分，葡萄糖檢測系統包含二氧化釕/聚對苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(Ruthenium dioxide, RuO2)/(Polyethylene terephthalate, PET)生醫感測器、銀/氯化銀參考電極及讀出電路裝置。傳輸平台即時傳送檢測信號並將結果顯示於電腦中。此外，無線感測系統用於檢測不同酸鹼值之緩衝溶液及不同濃度之葡萄糖溶液。

酵素固定化係藉由全氟磺酸樹酯(Nafion)材料將酵素複合溶液固定於二氧化釕薄膜以備製成葡萄糖生醫感測器，其Nafion材料具有高化學穩定性與較佳生物相容性之特色。本論文提出一種即時監測及快速檢測之無線感測系統，於酸鹼值介於pH 1至pH 13時，酸鹼感測器具良好之平均感測度51.38 mV/pH與線性度0.995。於葡萄糖濃度範圍介於100 mg/dL 至500 mg/dL時，葡萄糖生醫感測器具有良好之平均感測度0.179mV(mg/dL)-1與線性度0.999。

In this thesis, the wireless sensor network (WSN) with Zigbee technique is integrated with the glucose biosensor. The wireless sensing system is accomplished by the graphical language laboratory virtual instrumentation engineering workbench (LabVIEW). The wireless sensing system can be classified into two parts, which are the glucose detection system of front end and transmission platform of back end. The glucose detection system embraces ruthenium dioxide polyethylene terephthalate (RuO2/PET) biosensor, silver/silver chloride (Ag/AgCl) reference electrode and readout circuit device. The transmission platform is transmitted the detection signals in real-time, which displays the measurement results in the computer. In addition, the wireless sensing system is used to detect pH value in different buffer solutions and glucose value in different concentrations of glucose solutions.

The Nafion is applied as immobilization material due to it has high chemical stability and the best biocompatibility. The enzyme composite solution is dropped on the RuO2 film as a glucose biosensor. We provide a real-time monitoring and rapid detection wireless sensing system. The range of pH values from pH 1 to pH 13 has good average sensitivity 51.38 mV/pH and linearity 0.995. The range of glucose solution concentration from 100 mg/dL to 500 mg/dL has good average sensitivity 0.179 mV(mg/dL)-1 and linearity 0.999 of the glucose biosensor.

Chinese abstract i

English abstract ii

Acknowledgment iii

Contents iv

List of figures vii

List of tables xi

Chapter 1 Introduction 1

1.1 Background 1

1.2 Motivation and purpose 4

1.3 Thesis outline 6

Chapter 2 Theory descriptions 11

2.1 Mechanism description of biosensor 11

2.1.1 Biosensor 11

2.1.2 Basic structure and principle of biosensor 11

2.1.3 Sensing mechanism of glucose biosensor 12

2.2 Theory description of reference electrode 15

2.2.1 Reference electrode 15

2.2.2 Operating principle of traditional reference electrode 17

2.3 Description of enzyme 20

2.3.1 Classification of enzyme 20

2.3.2 Enzyme immobilization 21

2.4 Mechanism of microcontroller 24

2.4.1 Microcontroller of Arduino 24

2.4.2 Arduino Maga 2560 25

2.5 Description of radio 26

Chapter 3 Experiment 33

3.1 Reagents and materials 33

3.2 Preparation of pH sensor and glucose biosensor 35

3.2.1 Substrate cleaning 35

3.2.2 Fabrication of RuO2 film 35

3.2.3 Fabrication of conductive wire and insulation layer 36

3.2.4 Fabrication of glucose sensing membrane 36

3.3 Fabrication and structure description of readout circuit device 38

3.3.1 Instrumentation amplifier LT1167 38

3.3.2 Instrumentation amplifier AD623 39

3.4 Development environment of Arduino 41

3.4.1 Writing sketches 41

3.4.2 Code structure 41

3.5 Framework and structure description of wireless sensing system 43

3.5.1 Transmission platform of National Instruments WSN system 43

3.5.2 Transmission platform of XBee device 44

3.5.3 Configuration of XBee device 45

3.6 Framework and structure description of graphical language 47

3.6.1 Graphical language LabVIEW of National Instruments WSN system 47

3.6.2 Graphical language LabVIEW of XBee device 49

Chapter 4 Results and discussion 75

4.1 Discussion of IEEE 802.15 and Wi-Fi 75

4.1.1 Introduction of IEEE 802.15 and Wi-Fi 75

4.1.2 WPAN communication technology and frequency bands 77

4.1.3 Topology structure of ZigBee 78

4.1.4 Summary of IEEE 802.15 and Wi-Fi 79

4.2 Comparison and discussion of previous sensing system hardware 81

4.2.1 Keithley 236 source measure unit 81

4.2.2 National Instruments data acquisition 82

4.2.3 National Instruments wireless sensor network 82

4.2.4 Arduino board and XBee device 83

4.3 Analysis of pH sensor 86

4.3.1 Equipment of National Instruments WSN system 86

4.3.2 Equipment of XBee device 87

4.4 Analysis of glucose biosensor 89

4.4.1 Equipment of National Instruments WSN system 89

4.4.2 Equipment of XBee device 90

4.5 Transmission distance and stability of XBee device 92

4.6 Reproducibility and storage stability of glucose biosensor 94

Chapter 5 Conclusions 128

Chapter 6 Future prospects 129

References 130

Appendix I: Program framework of graphical language LabVIEW 142

Appendix II: Program framework of Arduino 146

Appendix III: Questions and answers for oral test 147

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