臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

台灣的高等教育於80年代中期後快速擴充而趨向全民化、普及化。然而大學教育內部卻出現資源投入不均、發展失衡與學校素質良莠不齊的窘況，並展現在一般、技職教育系統差異與公、私立別等層面上。本研究將焦點置於台灣的高等教育，從教育程度與學校素質之觀點將高等教育分為研究所、公立一般大學院校、私立一般大學院校、公立技職大學院校、私立技職大學院校與專科等六類，同時探究教育程度與學校素質差異對學生日後薪資的影響。實證樣本選自華人動態資料庫（Panel Study of Family Dynamics, PSFD）中年齡介於25歲至39歲的工作者樣本；實證分析先藉由Heckman兩階段模型考量樣本選擇性（sample selectivity）之問題後，分別採用修正變異數異質性（heteroskedasticity）的加權最小平方法（weighted least squares, WLS）與分量迴歸法（quantile regression, QR）進行迴歸分析。
實證結果顯示，教育、工作經驗、男性、已婚狀態、於公部門工作、管理與技術性職業相對於勞力型職業、服務業與製造業相對於初級產業、工作地區的都市化程度、工作場所規模等因素對薪資皆有顯著的正向影響；家務工作負擔對薪資則有顯著的負向影響，而各變數在不同分量下的影響程度亦各異。教育變數中，以研究所的教育報酬最高、大學次之、專科最低，可知教育程度在勞動市場中仍扮演著重要的角色。若從學校素質的角度觀之，公立院校的薪資顯著大於私立院校、一般系統顯著大於技職系統，顯示出在具有相同教育程度的條件下，學校素質是決定薪資水準的重要因素。然而公立與一般系統在薪資上的相對優勢，會隨著年資與薪資條件的增加而逐漸減少；反之，研究所對薪資的助益則隨著年資與薪資條件的提升而擴大，隱含著在大學教育愈趨普及化下，勞動市場升遷上相對重視研究所的學歷。綜合歸納實證結果，本文建議高等教育政策除了增加學校的「量」之外；更應該注重於學校「質」的提升；同時應更關注於私立與技職院校的發展，從勞動市場供需面作為政策規劃方向，提升整體高等教育人力資源發展與勞動市場之連結性。

Since the middle of 80’s, higher education in Taiwan has become much more prevailed. However, the input inequality of educational resources has resulted in school quality uneven among the institutes of higher education, especially between public/private and general/technical educational system of universities (or colleges). The study focuses on the higher education in Taiwan and classifies the levels of higher education into graduate schools, general public universities, general private universities, technical public universities, technical private universities and junior vocational colleges in order to investigate the impact of schooling and school quality on students’ wages. All empirical samples are sourced from the dataset of Panel Study of Family Dynamics (PSFD) funded by the National Science Council.
By applying weighted least squares and quantile regression after considering the problem of sample selectivity, the results reveal that schooling, school quality, working experience, gender (male), marriage, public sector, managerial occupation, service industry, urbanization of working area and firm size have significantly positive effects on wage, but house working has a significantly negative effect. Besides, every explanatory variable has different marginal effects in different quantiles. Among the higher education, graduate schools have the highest educational return, universities (or colleges) are the next and junior vocational colleges have the lowest. Moreover, the educational returns are also different within the universities (or colleges), the wage level of public schools is statistically significant higher than private and the wage level of general system schools is statistically significant higher than technical system. The findings indicate that schooling and school quality in higher education both play important roles in the wage differential of Taiwan’s labor market. However, the positive effects of public and general system schools decrease when the working experience or wage level increases.
Base on the empirical results, it is suggested that the government should put more attention on school quality instead of school numbers, especially on the development of private and technical system universities (or colleges). The policies of higher education are also suggested to consider the needs of labor market to raise the connection between labor market and the training of higher education.

第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究動機 2
第二節 研究目的 5
第三節 研究流程與架構 9
第二章 理論與實證文獻回顧 11
第一節 人力資本與教育經濟學理論介紹 11
第二節 薪資差異研究之相關實證文獻 16
第三節 學校素質影響薪資之實證文獻 23
第三章 台灣高等教育發展概況 28
第一節 高等教育政策變遷與發展之回顧 28
第二節 高等教育內部學校素質之差異 34
第四章 研究方法 39
第一節 理論模型之介紹 39
第二節 實證模型、資料來源與變數說明 46
第三節 實證分析方法 57
第五章 實證分析結果 68
第一節 敘述統計 69
第二節 最小平方迴歸分析結果 79
第三節 分量迴歸分析結果 91
第六章 結論 102
第一節 研究發現與政策建議 102
第二節 研究貢獻與限制 107
參考文獻 109
附錄：以月收入衡量薪資所得之迴歸分析結果 118

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14.教育部統計處：〈教育簡況與教育經費〉，《教育部教育統計指標》，網址：http://www.edu.tw/statistics/publication.aspx?publication_sn=659（瀏覽日期：2008年9月21日）。
15.教育部高教司：〈獎勵大學教學卓越計畫〉，《教學卓越網》，網址：http://campusweb.yuntech.edu.tw/~eminent3/Point/TE01.pdf（瀏覽日期：2009年1月6日）。