臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

知識商務為企業帶來知識資產管理的創新思維及新的獲利模式，透過將知識重新組裝或提供客制化的知識服務皆可為組織創造獲利。然而在知識服務過程中，當面對複雜且多元的問題時，往往無法只靠單一知識工作者來解決問題，此時若能結合不同知識背景及專業之專家組成「知識服務團隊」將能提供需求者更佳的知識服務。
為滿足前述需求，本研究發展一「知識商務之知識服務團隊建立方法」，主要研究包含兩部分：(1)「知識服務團隊成員評選方法」設計：依據知識商務與虛擬團隊之特性，設計一包含五大構面之成員評選指標模式，同時針對每個指標之屬性特徵設計適當之量化方法，而後結合模糊權重總計運算(Fuzzy Aggregation Operator)與綜合指數法(Composite Index)以綜合評價知識工作者；(2)「知識服務團隊組合方法」設計：依據團隊組合之指標分析與目標界定，建立一團隊組合數學模式，並採用基因演算法以求取最適解。最後本研究實作一系統以驗證所提之方法。
本研究提出之方法能有效建立一兼具成員個人能力與團隊整體契合度之知識服務團隊，使團隊發揮更大之績效，提供知識需求者最佳之知識服務。

Knowledge commerce (k-commerce) brings innovative thinking of knowledge asset management and new profit models to enterprises. Through re-assembling or customizing, knowledge can create profit for individuals and enterprises. However, in knowledge service processes, complex knowledge-based services are difficult to be solved by a single knowledge worker. Therefore, forming a multiple functional virtual knowledge service team is a proper solution for offering customized knowledge service to knowledge requesters.
This study proposes a knowledge service team formation approach that consists of a team member selection method and a team combination method. The former includes a fuzzy aggregation operation and a composite index method, which are developed based on the characteristics of knowledge commerce and virtual team, related member selection indicators and correspondent indicator quantified methods. The latter includes an optimization mathematical model for virtual team combination and a genetic algorithm for seeking feasible solutions.
Finally, the prototype of a knowledge service team formation system is developed for verifying the feasibility of these methods proposed by this study. The proposed approach considering individual member’s capabilities and the cooperative harmony between team members can form virtual knowledge service teams that can offer optimal knowledge service to requesters.

中文摘要 I
ABSTRACT II
誌謝 III
目錄 IV
表目錄 VI
圖目錄 VII
第一章 緒論 1
1.1 背景 1
1.2 動機 2
1.3 目的 2
1.4 問題分析 3
1.5 研究項目與方法 3
1.6 研究步驟 5
1.7 論文架構 6
第二章 文獻探討 7
2.1 知識商務 7
2.2 知識工作者 8
2.3 虛擬團隊 9
2.3.1 虛擬團隊定義 9
2.3.2 虛擬團隊的組成元素 10
2.3.3 虛擬團隊生命週期 11
2.4 團隊建立 12
2.4.1 團隊效能 13
2.4.2 團隊成員特徵 14
2.4.3 團隊組合因子 15
2.5 基因演算法 18
2.5.1 基因演算法簡介 18
2.5.2 基因演算法流程 18
第三章 模式建構與指標建立 24
3.1 知識服務團隊建立模式設計 24
3.2 指標建立 26
3.2.1 成員評選指標建立 26
3.2.2 團隊組合指標建立 28
第四章 角色候選人挑選方法設計 30
4.1 角色候選人挑選程序 30
4.2 知識工作者特徵擷取 31
4.3 特徵擴張 32
4.4 相似度計算 34
第五章 角色成員評選方法設計 37
5.1 成員評選程序 37
5.2 評估指標量化方法設計 38
5.3 指標權重計算方法設計 44
5.4 適合度綜合評價方法設計 48
第六章 團隊組合方法設計 52
6.1 團隊組合模式設計 52
6.2 團隊組合演算法設計 53
6.3 實例說明 55
第七章 系統實作 60
7.1 實作環境介紹 60
7.2 案例介紹與資料建置 60
7.3 系統實作 64
第八章 結論 70
8.1 結論 70
8.2 未來研究方向 71
參考文獻 72
附錄 NEO-FFI人格特質量表 77

英文文獻
1.Blackburn, R., Furst, S., and Rosen, B. (2003) Building a winning virtual team: KSAs, selection, training, and evaluation, In C.B.
2.Bozionelos, N. (2004) “The big five of personality and work involvement,” Journal of Managerial Psychology, 19(1), pp.69-81.
3.Campion, M. A., Medsker, G. J., and Higgs, A. C. (1993) “Relations between work team characteristics andeffectiveness: Implications for designing effective work groups,” Personnal Psychology, 46, pp.823-825.
4.Cantoni, M., and Marseguerra, M. (2000) “Genetic algorithms and Monte Carlo simulation for optimal plant design,” Reliability Engineering and System Safety, 68, pp.29-38.
5.Chen, S. J., and Hwang, C. L. (1992) Fuzzy Multiple Attribute Decision Making Method and Application, New York, Springer-Verlag.
6.Chen, S. J., and Lin, L. (2004) “Modeling Team Member Characteristics for the Formation of a Multifunctional Team in Concurrent Engineering,” IEEE Transactions on Engineering Management, 51(2), pp.111-124.
7.Cheng, T. M., Wu, H. T., Ke, Y. F., and Feng, C. W. (2002) “Applying genetic algorithms on the computer simulation for improving construction productivity,” The Ninth International Conference on Computing in Civil and Building Egineering, pp.163-168.
8.Chung, W. Y., and Guinan, P. J. (1994) “Effects of participative management on the performance of software development teams,” in Proc. ACM SIGCPR Conf., pp.252-260.
9.Costa, P. T. Jr., and McCrae, R. R. (1992) “Revised NEO personality inventory and NEO five-factor inventory,” professional manual, Odessa, FL, Psychological Assessment Resources.
10.Coutu, D. L. (1998) “Trust in Virtual Teams,” Harvard Business Review, 61(3), pp.20-21.
11.Davenport, T., Jarvenpaa, S., and Beers, M. (1996) “Improving knowledge work processes,” Sloan Management Review, 37(4), pp.445-467.
12.Davidow, W. H., and Malone, M. S. (1992) The Virtual Organization, New York, Harper Colluns.
13.Drucker, P. F. (1966) The effective executive, NY: HarperCollins Publishers Inc.
14.Drucker, P. F. (1999) “Knowledge-worker productivity: The biggest challenge,” California Management Review, 41, pp.79-94.
15.Eysenck, H. J., and Eysenck, S. B. G. (1975) Manual of the Eysenck Personality Questionnaire (Junior and Adult), Dunton Green: Hodder and Stoughton.
16.Fan, Z. P., Feng, B., and Jiang, Z. Z. (2009) “A method for member selection of R&D teams using the individual and collaborative information,” Expert Systems with Application, 36(4), pp.8313-8323.
17.Fitzpatrick, E. L., and Askin, R. G. (2005) “Forming effective worker teams with multi-functional skill requirements,” Journal of Computers and Industrial Engineering, 48, pp.593-608.
18.Funder, D. C. (2001) “Personality.Annual Review of Psychology,” Annual Review of Psychology, 52, pp.197-221.
19.Furst, S. A., Reeves, M., Rosen, B., and Blackburn, R. S. (2004) “Managing the life cycle of virtual teams,” Academy of Management Executive, 18(2), pp.6-20.
20.Gersick, C. J. G. (1988) “Time and Transition in Work Teams: Toward a New Model of Group Development,” Academy of Management Journal, 31(1), pp.9-41.
21.Gordon, J. R., Mondy, R. W., Sharplin, A., and Premeaux, S. R. (1990) Management and Organizational Behavior, Boston, MA: Allyn and Bacon.
22.Guzzo, R. A., and Shea, G. P. (1992) Group Performance and Intergroup Relations in Organizations, CA : Consulting Psychologists Press.
23.Hackman, J. R. (1983) A Normative Model of Work Team Effectiveness, New Haven, CT: Yale University.
24.Haque, B., Pawar, K. S., and Barson, R. J. (2000) “Analysing organizational issues in concurrent new product development,” Int. J. Prod. Econ., 67, pp.169-182.
25.Holland, J. H. (1975) Adaptation in Natural and Artificial Systems: An Introductory Analysis with Applications to Biology, Control, and Artificial Intelligence, University of Michigan Press, 1st edition.
26.Horibe, F. (1999) Managing knowledge workers, Toronto: John Wiley.
27.Hwang, G. J., Yin, P. Y., Hwang, C. W., and Tsai, C. C. (2008) “An Enhanced Genetic Approach to Composing Cooperative Learning Groups for Multiple Grouping Criteria,” Educational Technology and Society, 11(1), pp.148-167.
28.Ishikawa (1993) “The Max-Min Delphi method and fuzzy Delphi method via fuzzy integration,” Fuzzy Sets and Systems, 55, pp.241-253 .
29.Kelly, R., (1990) “Managing the new workforce,” Machine Design, 62, pp.109-113.
30.Lipnack, J., and Stamps, J. (1999) “Virtual Teams: The New Way to Work,” IEEE Engineering Management Review, Winter, pp.90-95.
31.Lurey, J. S., and Raisinghani, M. S. (2001) “An Empirical Study of Best Practices in Virtual Teams,” Information and Management, (38), pp.523-544.
32.Maznevski, M. L., and Chudoba, K. M. (2000) “Bridging Space Over Time: Global Virtual Team Dynamics and Effectiveness,” Organization Science, 11(5), pp.473-492.
33.McGrath, J. E. (1964) Social Psychology: A Brief Introduction, New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.
34.Miller, M. C. (1998) “Fostering intellectual capital,” HR Focus, 75, pp.9-10.
35.Mitchell, M. (1996) An Introduction to Genetic Algorithms, MIT Press.
36.Moody, R. (1988) “Personality Preferences and Foreign Language Learning,” Modern Language Journal, 72, pp.390.
37.Norman, W. T. (1963) “Toward an adequate taxonomy of personality attributes: replicated factor structure in peer nomination personality ratings,” Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 66, pp.574-583.
38.Saaty, T. L. (1980) The Analytic Hierarchy Process, New York, McGraw-Hill.
39.Salton, G. A. (1975) Theory of Indexing, Society for Industrial and Applied Mathematic, PA, USA.
40.Saonee, S., Joseph, S. V., and Suprateek, S. (2000) “An Exploration of Trust in Virtual Teams Using Three Perspectives,” Proceedings of Americas Conference on Information Systems, pp.595-600.
41.Shen, C. C., and Hsieh, K. L. (Have already been accepted, has estimated 2010 publications) "Enhance the Evaluation Quality of Project Performance Based on Fuzzy Aggregation Weight Effect," Quality & Quantity, SSCI journal.
42.Skyrme, D. J. (2001) Capitalizing on Knowledge: From E-Business to K-Business, Butterworth-Heinemann, United Kingdom.
43.Stewart, T. A. (1997) Intellectual Capital: The New Wealth of Organizations, New York: Doubleday Dell Publishing Group, Inc.
44.Sunseri, A. J., and Kosteva, D. B.(1991) “Psychological testing enters the job market,” Healthcare Financial Manage, 45(10), pp.120.
45.Tomal, D. R. (1992) “Using the right personality style,” Supervision, 53(10), pp.12-13.
46.Trower, J. K., and Moore, K. K. (1996) “A Study of the impact of individual goals and team composition variables on team performance,” in Proc. ACM SIGCPR Conf., New York, pp.206-213.
47.Tseng, T. L., Huang, C. C., Chu, H. W., and Gung, R. R. (2004) “Novel approach to multi-functional project team formation,” International Journal of Project Management, (22), pp. 147–159.
48.Tuckman, B. W., and Jensen M. A. C. (1977) “Stages of Small-Group Development Revisited,” Group and Organization Studies, 2(4), pp.419-427.
49.Vickey, C. M. (1994) “Virtual Organizations: An Examination of Structure and Performance in Air Force Acquisition Teams,” The Florida State University , PHD.
50.Wysocki, R. K., Beck Jr. R., and Crane D. B. (2000) Efective project management, NewYork: John Wiley and Sone.
51.Yoo, Y., and Alave, M. (2004) “Emergent Leadership in virtual team: what do emergent leaders do?” Information and Organization, 14, pp.27-58.
52.Zakarian, A. and Kusiak, A. (1999) “Forming teams: An analytical approach,” IIE Trans., 31, pp.85-97.
中文文獻
1.王甫昌 (1984)。知人又知心，哈佛企業管理顧問公司，台灣台北。
2.王柳鈜、曾國泰 (2005)。Chance Discovery在關鍵詞萃取之研究，第三屆演化式計算應用暨2005機會探索專題研討會。
3.李光紅、楊晨 (2007)。高層次人才評價指標體系研究，科技進步與對策， 24(4)，第186-188頁。
4.吳思華、蔡文鈞、賴鈺晶 (2004)。知識型商品擴散模式之理論性探討，科技管理學刊，9(3)，第117-152頁。
5.姚紅 (2006)。核心著者的測評，中國圖書館學報，圖書館論壇，5，第30-33頁。
6.詹一虹、蘇睿 (2006)。虛擬團隊管理的生命周期模式分析，科技進步與對策，23(12)，第104-107頁。