臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本文主要介紹以CMOS技術設計且用於交通運輸管理的X頻段調頻連續波（FMCW）偵測器系統。文內所提的偵測器系統採用兩組天線分別進行訊號的發射和接收。而且這完整的射頻（RF）收發器實現了應用標準的0.18 微米一層聚合物六層金屬（1P6M）互補金屬氧化物半導體（CMOS）技術來完成且其晶片面積大小僅1.68 �e 1.6 毫米平方。
在這篇論文中，以所謂合成近橫向電磁模之互補傳導線帶的傳輸線（CCS TL）用於整個射頻晶片的設計。的主要特點是互補傳導線帶的傳輸線(CCS TL)可減少CMOS射頻收發機晶片中相鄰兩元件間的電磁耦合，此結構亦能夠將各種射頻信號處理元件稠密的整合到單一晶片上。因此互補傳導線帶的傳輸線(CCS TL) 在10.5GHz工作頻率中提供了晶片上從接收路徑傳輸路徑55.0 dB隔離度。
此外這兩個平面洩漏波陣列天線的增益設計在18dB。實驗結果顯示兩陣列天線間的隔離度在間距為5.0 毫米與工作頻率為10.5 GHz時高於42.0 dB。這平面天線實現了csc2θ型式天線場型和也可在短距離偵測中輔助中頻濾波器作為靈敏度時間控制（STC）功能。此調頻連續波傳感器的雛型系統是應用於多車道的距離測量之交通管理系統（TMS）。
本文最佳貢獻整合0.18微米互補金屬氧化物半導體(CMOS)收發器和陣列天線成為調頻連續波之射頻前端。另一個創新的工作，使用了平面洩漏波陣列天線形成csc2θ型式的天線輻射場型，然後配合三角波產生電路，中頻放大器，數位信號處理器，以及一些電子儀表來證明近似均一訊號雜音比的概念。最終由測量結果得知，實地測試結果與系統模擬是一致的。
未來本論文最重要的工作，即是將現有雷達系統微型化，即是將原有的射頻系統、中頻類比電路與數位訊號處理電路等皆以CMOS積體電路的技術進行縮裝與整合，即整合RFIC、AIC與DIC等積體電路成為系統晶片。

The paper presents an X-band CMOS-based frequency-modulation continuous-wave (FMCW) sensor system for the transportation management. The proposed sensor system adopts two antennas to transmit and receive signal separately. The completed radio frequency (RF) transceiver is realized by using standard 0.18 �慆 one-poly six-metal (1P6M) complementary metal–oxide semiconductor (CMOS) technology with a chip area of 1.68 mm �e 1.6 mm.
The so-called synthetic quasi-TEM complementary conducting-strip transmission line (CCS-TL) is also employed throughout the entire RF chip design. The main features of the CCS TL are the reduction of electromagnetic coupling of adjacent components in the RF CMOS transceiver chip and it able to densely integrate various RF signal-processing components into a single chip. Therefore, the CCS TL provides the on-chip isolation of 55.0dB from the receiving path to the transmitting path at 10.5GHz.
Additionally, two planar leaky-mode antenna arrays with a gain of 18 dB are designed. Experiments indicate the isolation between two antenna arrays with a spacing of 5.0 mm is higher than 42.0 dB at 10.5 GHz. The planar antenna was achieved the csc2 type antenna pattern and also took as the sensitivity time control (STC) function of IF filter for short range detection. The prototype of the FMCW sensor system is applied to the range measurement of multiple lanes for the Transportation Management System (TMS).
The best contribution of the paper is integrated a 0.18 um CMOS transceiver and antenna arrays into a FMCW RF-frond. Another originality of the work that used the planar leaky-wave antenna array to shape a csc2θ-type radiation pattern, then assisted a triangular-wave circuit, an IF amplifier, a digital signal processor, and lot of instruments to prove the nearly uniform SNR concept. Finally, the measured results from field tests agree well with the system simulation results.
The future work of the dissertation is miniaturized of the radar system. The works use the CMOS integrated circuit technology to miniaturize and integrate the original radio frequency system, intermediate frequency analog circuits and the digital signal processing circuit and so on. They namely of the system on chip (SOC) for the radar system is integrated by radio frequency integrated circuits (RFIC), analog integrated circuits (AIC), and digital integrated circuits (DIC).

TABLE OF CONTENTS

RECOMMENDATION (Chinese) ………………………………….I
ABSTRACT (Chinese)……….………………………………….II
ABSTRACT (English)…………………………………………..…IV
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS (Chinese)………………………….…...VI
TABLE OF CONTENTS…………………………………….......VIII
LIST OF FIGURES………………………………………………..X
LIST OF TABLES………………………………………………..XV
CHAPTER 1 Introduction ………………………………………..1
1.1 History of the RF frond-end development of FMCW sensor………1
1.2 Development of the RF frond-end for FMCW sensor………………2
CHAPTER 2 Principles and Theories………………………...........6
2.1 Principle of the frequency-modulated continuous wave…………...6
2.2 Introduction of the radar equation…………....................................16
2.3 Concept of the cosecant-squared antenna…………….…………...21
2.4 System Simulation of FMCW Radar…………….………………...23
CHAPTER 3 Design and Realization of the RF Transceiver…... 25
3.1 First Version CMOS FMCW Chip Design…………….…………..25
3.2 New Version CMOS FMCW Chip Design…………….…………..32
3.3 Package of CMOS FMCW Chip…………….……………………...40
CHAPTER 4 Dual Leaky-wave Antenna Arrays Structure Design with High Isolation and High Gain………………48
4.1 The Design Method of the Leaky-wave Antenna Arrays……..…48
4.2 The Integration and Realization of Leaky-wave Antenna Arrays..50
4.3 The Measurement Result of Leaky-wave Antenna Arrays……….54
4.4 Integrating the Antenna Arrays and the CMOS Transceiver into a Mechanical Fixture…………….…………………………………...67
CHAPTER 5 Designs of the Accessory Circuits: the External IF Circuits and Digital Signal Processing Unit…….70
CHAPTER 6 Measurement and Verification of the FMCW System ………………………………………..…….76
6.1 Measurement of the First-version FMCW Radar…………….…76
6.1.1 Distance Measurement……………………………………………..76
6.1.2 Velocity Measurement……………………………………………..79
6.1.3 Field Test of the Azimuth Resolution of Antenna Arrays……….…81
6.2 Measurement of the New-version FMCW Radar…………….…...84
6.2.1 Signal-to-Noise Ratio of CMOS-Based FMCW Sensor System…...84
6.2.2 Range Measurements……………………………………………..94
CHAPTER 7 Conclusion…………………………………………..98
REFERENCE………………………………………………..……100

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