臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

性格對於態度與行為的影響是不容忽視的，由企業在招募時對於性格測驗的重視可見一斑；增強敏感性理論除具備生理理論基礎外，在分析層面上更較其他人格測驗廣泛，使性格研究不再只侷限於主觀行為的觀察與描述，因此本研究將針對增強敏感性進行研究，試圖瞭解其對員工工作績效產生之影響，並探討組織正義在此關係中的干擾作用。
本研究以高科技製造業為樣本來源，針對產線基層員工與其直屬主管進行樣本配對，有效回收174組樣本後，對其進行驗證性因素分析，並採用階層迴歸驗證本研究各項假設。研究結果發現： 1.獎賞敏感性與角色內外工作績效間存在顯著正向關係； 2.懲罰敏感性與角色內外工作績效間存在顯著負向關係； 3.組織正義在增強敏感性與工作績效間的干擾效果不成立。
根據研究結論，提出下述管理意涵： 1.宜將增強敏感性納為徵選時的參考， 以提升公司整體生產力； 2.領導者應視部屬性格而採用不同的激勵方式，以發揮獎懲的最大效益； 3.領導者宜多與員工進行獎懲措施的溝通，以提升員工的接受度， 同時避免可能產生的不良影響。

The impact of personality on the attitude and behavior should not be underestimated. And the general relying on
personality test in the recruiting process even reveals the
importance of personality test to enterprises. Reinforcement
sensitivity theory (RST) not only has the physiological base
but also provides a multi-level view for personality
measure. Therefore, this study will focus on RST. Trying to
realize its effect on the performance and whether this
relationship will be influenced by the organizational justice or not.
The data was collected from the production line of the high-tech manufacture, and there are 174 valid samples to be analyzed. We adopted confirmatory factor analysis and hier archical regression analysis to test the hypotheses. The
result showed that sensitivity to reward has a positive impact on in-role and extra-role performance. And sensitivity to punishment also has a negative impact on them. However, the moderate effect of distributive justice and procedural justice were not as expected.
Based on the findings, the managerial implications included: 1.taking the SPSRQ into consideration during the selecting process; 2. in order to attain the highest efficiencies of incentive measures, supervisor may use different incentive measures depending on the sensitivity of
employees; 3.supervisor may spend more time on communicating the incentive measures with employee.

中文摘要 I
Abstract I I
目 錄 I I I
表目次 V
圖目次 VI
第一章 緒論 1
第一節 研究背景與動機 1
第二節 研究目的 5
第三節 研究流程 5
第四節 名詞釋義 6
第二章 文獻探討 9
第一節 增強敏感性相關理論探討 9
第二節 增強敏感性與工作績效間的關係 12
第三節 程序正義與分配正義的干擾作用 17
第三章 研究方法 23
第一節 研究架構與假設 23
第二節 研究對象 25
第三節 研究工具 25
第四節 調查實施 29
第五節 資料分析 30
第四章 研究結果與討論 33
第一節 量表信效度與相關分析 33
第二節 增強敏感性對角色內外工作績效 36
第三節 分配正義與程序正義之干擾效果 38
第五章 結論與建議 41
第一節 研究主要發現 41
第二節 研究結論 42
第三節 研究建議 46
第四節 研究限制 50
參考文獻 53
附錄 62
附錄一 生產線基層主管問卷 63
附錄二 生產線基層員工問卷 66

表目次
表3-1： 問卷發放與回收狀況統計 30
表3-2： 樣本特性統計 31
表4-1： 研究變項之組成信度與變異抽取量 34
表4-2： 研究變項間區別效度 34
表4-3： 整體模式適配度指標 35
表4-4： 本研究各變項間相關係數 37
表4-5： 增強敏感性與角色內工作績效之迴歸分析 39
表4-6： 增強敏感性與角色外工作績效之迴歸分析 40


圖目次
圖3-1： 研究架構 23

一、中文部分
黃芳銘 (2004)。社會科學方法學－結構方程模式。台北: 五南。
二、英文部分
Bagozzi, R. P., & Youjae, Y. (1988). On the evaluation of structural equation models. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 16(1), 74-94.
Barrick, M. R., Mount, M. K., & Judge, T. A. (2001). Personality and performance at the beginning of the new millennium: What do we know and where do we go next? International Journal of Selection and Assessment, 9(1-2), 9-30.
Bentler, P. M., & Bonett, D. G. (1980). Significance tests and goodness of fit in the analysis of covariance structures. Psychological Bulletin, 88(3), 588-606.
Berkman, E. T., Lieberman, M. D., & Gable, S. L. (2009). BIS, BAS, and response conflict: Testing predictions of the revised reinforcement sensitivity theory. Personality and Individual Differences, 46(5/6), 586-591.
Bijttebier, P., Beck, I., Claes, L., & Vandereycken, W. (2009). Gray's Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory as a framework for research on personality-psychopathology associations. Clinical Psychology Review, 29(5), 421-430.
Boksem, M. A. S., Tops, M., Kostermans, E., & De Cremer, D. (2008). Sensitivity to punishment and reward omission: Evidence from error-related ERP components. Biological Psychology, 79(2), 185-192.
Byrne, Z. (1999). How do procedural and interactional justice influence multiple levels of organizational outcomes? Paper presented at the 14th Annual Society for Industrial and Organizational Psychology Conference.
Caci, H., Deschaux, O., & Baylé, F. J. (2007). Psychometric properties of the French versions of the BIS/BAS scales and the SPSRQ. Personality & Individual Differences, 42(6), 987-998.
Chen, Z., Eisenberger, R., Johnson, K. M., Sucharski, I. L., & Aselage, J. (2009). Perceived organizational support and extra-role performance: Which leads to which? Journal of Social Psychology, 149(1), 119-124.
Colbert, A. E., Mount, M. K., Harter, J. K., Witt, L. A., & Barrick, M. R. (2004). Interactive effects of personality and perceptions of the work situation on workplace deviance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 89(4), 599-609.
Corr, P. J. (2004). Reinforcement sensitivity theory and personality. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 28(3), 317-332.
Corr, P. J., & Perkins, A. M. (2006). The role of theory in the psychophysiology of personality: From Ivan Pavlov to Jeffrey Gray. International Journal of Psychophysiology, 62(3), 367-376.
Crant, J. M. (1995). The proactive personality scale and objective job performance among real estate agents. Journal of Applied Psychology, 80(4), 532-537.
Delery, J. E., & Doty, D. H. (1996). Modes of theorizing in strategic human resource management: Tests of universalistic, contingency, and configurational performance predictions. Academy of Management Journal, 39(4), 802-835.
Eysenck, H. J. (1957). The dynamics of anxiety and hysteria. New York: Praeger.
Eysenck, H. J., & Claridge, G. (1962). The position of hysterics and dysthymics in a two-dimensional framework of personality description. The Journal of Abnormal and Social Psychology, 64(1), 46-55.
Fornell, C., & Larcker, D. F. (1981). Evaluating structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error. Journal of Marketing Research, 18(1), 39-50.
Gable, S. L., Reis, H. T., & Elliot, A. J. (2000). Behavioral activation and inhibition in everyday life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 78(6), 1135-1149.
Gray, J. A. (1970). The psychophysiological basis of introversion-extraversion. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 8(3), 249-266.
Hans-Jürgen, H., & Peter, M. (1996). On the relation between personality and job performance of airline pilots. International Journal of Aviation Psychology, 6(2), 171.
Hatcher, L. (1994). A step-by-step approach to using the SAS system for factor analysis and structural equation modeling. NC: SAS Institute.
Hu, L.-t., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6(1), 1-55.
Hundt, N. E., Nelson-Gray, R. O., Kimbrel, N. A., Mitchell, J. T., & Kwapil, T. R. (2007). The interaction of reinforcement sensitivity and life events in the prediction of anhedonic depression and mixed anxiety-depression symptoms. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(5), 1001-1012.
Jackson, C. J. (2001). Comparison between Eysenck's and Gray's models of personality in the prediction of motivational work criteria. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(2), 129-144.
Kamdar, D., & Dyne, L. V. (2007). The joint effects of personality and workplace social exchange relationships in predicting task performance and citizenship performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 92(5), 1286-1298.
Kamdar, D., McAllister, D. J., & Turban, D. B. (2006). "All in a day's work": How follower individual differences and justice perceptions predict OCB role definitions and behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 91(4), 841-855.
Katz, D. (1964). The motivational basis of organizational behavior. Behavioral Science, 9(2), 131-146.
Li, C.-S. R., Huang, C.-Y., Lin, W.-y., & Sun, C.-W. V. (2007). Gender differences in punishment and reward sensitivity in a sample of Taiwanese college students. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(3), 475-483.
Lynch, P. D., Eisenberger, R., & Armeli, S. (1999). Perceived organizational support: Inferior versus superior performance by wary employees. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(4), 467-483.
MacCallum, R. C., & Sehee, H. (1997). Power analysis in covariance structure modeling using GFI and AGFI. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 32(2), 193-210.
Moorman, R. H. (1991). Relationship between organizational justice and organizational citizenship behaviors: Do fairness perceptions influence employee citizenship? Journal of Applied Psychology, 76(6), 845-855.
Mount, M. K., Barrick, M. R., & Strauss, J. P. (1994). Validity of observer ratings of the big five personality factors. Journal of Applied Psychology, 79(2), 272-280.
Murphy, K., & Tyler, T. (2008). Procedural justice and compliance behaviour: the mediating role of emotions. European Journal of Social Psychology, 38(4), 652-668.
Nunnaly, J. (1978). Psychometric theory. New York: McGraw-Hill.
Organ, D. W., & Konovsky, M. (1989). Cognitive versus affective determinants of organizational citizenship behavior. Journal of Applied Psychology, 74(1), 157-164.
Pardo, Y., Aguilar, R., Molinuevo, B., & Torrubia, R. (2007). Alcohol use as a behavioural sign of disinhibition: Evidence from J.A. Gray's model of personality. Addictive Behaviors, 32(10), 2398-2403.
Podsakoff, P. M., Bommer, W. H., Podsakoff, N. P., & MacKenzie, S. B. (2006). Relationships between leader reward and punishment behavior and subordinate attitudes, perceptions, and behaviors: A meta-analytic review of existing and new research. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Processes, 99(2), 113-142.
Podsakoff, P. M., & Organ, D. W. (1986). Self-reports in organizational research: Problems and prospects. Journal of Management, 12(4), 531-544.
Prien, E. P., & Liske, R. E. (1962). Assessments of higher-level personnel: III. Rating criteria: A comparative analysis of supervisor ratings and incumbent self-ratings of job performance. Personnel Psychology, 15(2), 187-194.
Reitzel-Jaffe, D., & Wolfe, D. A. (2001). Predictors of relationship abuse among young men. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 16(2), 99-115.
Reynolds, W. M. (1982). Development of reliable and valid short forms of the Marlowe-Crowne social desirability scale. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 38(1), 119-125.
Rousseau, V., Salek, S., Aubé, C., & Morin, E. M. (2009). Distributive justice, procedural justice, and psychological distress: The moderating effect of coworker support and work autonomy. Journal of Occupational Health Psychology, 14(3), 305-317.
Sanz Ruiz, A., Villamarín Cid, F., Álvarez Moleiro, M., & Torrubia Beltri, R. (2007). Sensitivity to punishment as a moderator of the relationship between self-efficacy and cardiovascular reactivity. Personality and Individual Differences, 43(1), 143-154.
Simons, J. S., Dvorak, R. D., & Batien, B. D. (2008). Methamphetamine use in a rural college population: Associations with marijuana use, sensitivity to punishment, and sensitivity to reward. Psychology of Addictive Behaviors, 22(3), 444-449.
Smillie, L. D. (2008a). The conceptualisation, measurement and scope of reinforcement sensitivity in the context of a neuroscience of personality. European Journal of Personality, 22(5), 411-425.
Smillie, L. D. (2008b). What is reinforcement sensitivity? Neuroscience paradigms for approach-avoidance process theories of personality. European Journal of Personality, 22(5), 359-384.
Törnblom, K. Y., & Vermunt, R. (2007). Towards an integration of distributive justice, procedural justice, and social resource theories. Social Justice Research, 20(3), 312-335.
Tett, R. P., & Burnett, D. D. (2003). A personality trait-based interactionist model of job performance. Journal of Applied Psychology, 88(3), 500-517.
Tett, R. P., Jackson, D. N., & Rothstein, M. (1991). Personality measures as predictors of job performance: A meta-analytic review. Personnel Psychology, 44(4), 703-742.
Torrubia, R., Ávila, C., Molt, J., & Caseras, X. (2001). The Sensitivity to Punishment and Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ) as a measure of Gray's anxiety and impulsivity dimensions. Personality and Individual Differences, 31(6), 837-862.
Tremblay, M., & Roussel, P. (2001). Modelling the role of organizational justice: effects on satisfaction and unionization propensity of Canadian. International Journal of Human Resource Management, 12(5), 717-737.
Van den Bos, K. (2003). On the subjective quality of social justice: The role of affect as information in the psychology of justice judgments. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 85(3), 482-498.
Van Der Linden, D., Beckers, D. G. J., & Taris, T. W. (2007). Reinforcement sensitivity theory at work: punishment sensitivity as a dispositional source of job-related stress. European Journal of Personality, 21(7), 889-909.
Van Der Linden, D., Taris, T. W., Beckers, D. G. J., & Kindt, K. B. (2007). Reinforcement sensitivity theory and occupational health: BAS and BIS on the job. Personality and Individual Differences, 42(6), 1127-1138.
Weiss, H. M., Suckow, K., & Cropanzano, R. (1999). Effects of justice conditions on discrete emotions. Journal of Applied Psychology, 84(5), 786-794.
Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601-617.
Williams, S., Pitre, R., & Zainuba, M. (2002). Justice and organizational citizenship behavior intentions: Fair rewards versus fair treatment. Journal of Social Psychology, 142(1), 33-44.