臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

光觸媒材料通常為二氧化鈦，主要是因為二氧化鈦擁有較高光催
化活性。本文探討4 種不同種類的石墨烯（分別以GOA、GOB、GH1
與GH2 表示），並以水熱/煅燒與水熱法製備不同比例石墨烯改質二氧
化鈦光觸媒複合材料（以TxYC 表示，x:重量百分比，Y:石墨烯種類，
C:煅燒）。光觸媒複合材料的物理性質可由場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡
(FE-SEM)、X-ray 繞射光譜圖(XRD)、拉曼光譜儀(Raman)、紫外可見
光漫反射光譜(UV-vis DRS)、傅立葉紅外線光譜儀(FTIR)與光催化試
驗檢測分析。結果顯示，UV-vis DRS 分析得知所有石墨烯的加入皆使
得TiO2 能隙變窄，經由計算可得知能隙從3.08 eV 降低至2.50 eV。從
XRD與Raman 光譜晶相分析，發現石墨烯的添加並未使晶相有所改變。
於FTIR 官能基分析中，可證明石墨烯與TiO2 之間具有化學鍵結。光
催化試驗中，在可見光催化下降解亞甲基藍可發現各種石墨烯改質光
觸媒複合材料中以TxGOA 與TxGH1 有較佳的光催化效果，而在紫外
光催化下降解亞甲基藍（MB）可發現T4GOA 只需30 分鐘即可達到
100 %之降解。

The photocatalyst materials are usually TiO2 due to its high photocatalytic performance. This article explores the TiO2 photocatalyst modified with four different graphene modified by hydrothermal/ calcining and hydrothermal method, and various mass ratio of the graphene. (Photocatalyst composites were label as TxYC, x: weight percent, Y: graphene species, C: Calcining). Photocatalyst composites were characterized by field-emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM), X-ray diffraction(XRD), Raman spectroscopy, UV-vis diffuse reflectance spectra(UV-vis DRS), Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and photoactivity tests. The absorption spectra of the samples are shown that the narrowing of the band gap of TiO2 occurred with graphene introduction. The band gap of TiO2 is 3.08 eV, whereas the band gap of the photocatalyst composite has been slightly reduced to 2.50 eV. XRD and Raman analysis were suggested that addition of graphene cannot change crystalline structure of TiO2(Degussa, P25). FTIR spectra show that the chemical bonding between the graphene and TiO2. In photocatalytic tests, the visible light photocatalytic activity of TxGOA and TxGH1 composite are enhanced greatly on decomposition of methylene blue (MB).The photocatalytic activities of T4GOA samples are superior to that of TiO2, the methylene blue decomposition efficiency reached 100% only 30 min under UV light.

中文摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iii
圖目錄 viii
表目錄 xvi
第一章 緒論 1
1-1 研究背景 1
1-2 研究內容 3
第二章 基礎理論與文獻回顧 4
2-1 奈米材料（Nanomaterials） 4
2-2 光觸媒（photocatalyst） 8
2-2-1 二氧化鈦（TiO2）晶相結構與特性 12
2-2-2 二氧化鈦（TiO2）的應用 17
2-2-3 二氧化鈦（TiO2）奈米粒子之分散技術 22
2-2-4 二氧化鈦（TiO2）之修飾 24
2-3 石墨烯（Graphene） 26
2-3-1 石墨烯的結構 26
2-3-2 石墨烯的性質 29
2-3-3 石墨烯的製備方法 30
2-3-4 石墨烯的分散 34
2-3-5 石墨烯的應用 37
2-3-6 光觸媒合成方法 39
2-4 光催化機制（Photocatalytic Mechanism） 43
第三章 實驗藥品、設備與方法 47
3-1 實驗藥品 47
3-2 實驗設備 49
3-2-1 高壓釜反應器（Autoclave reactor） 49
3-2-2 可程式高溫爐（Program Temperature Controller） 50
3-2-3 超音波震盪機 51
3-2-4 離心機 52
3-2-5 高級氧化實驗裝置 53
3-2-6 其他小型設備 54
3-3 分析儀器 55
3-3-1 X-ray粉末繞射儀（X-ray powder diffractometer） 55
3-3-2 雷射共軛顯微拉曼光譜儀（Raman Spectroscopy） 56
3-3-3 場發射掃描式電子顯微鏡（FE-SEM） 57
3-3-4 穿透式電子顯微鏡（TEM） 58
3-3-5 紫外可見光光譜儀（UV-Vis Spectrophotometer） 59
3-3-6 紫外可見光光譜儀（UV-Vis Spectrophotometer） 60
3-3-7 傅立葉紅外線光譜儀（FTIR） 61
3-4 實驗方法 62
3-4-1 二氧化鈦/石墨烯光觸媒複合材料製備 62
3-4-2 光催化降解效率試驗 64
第四章 結果與討論 65
4-1 各種石墨烯之特性鑑定 65
4-1-1 材料表面型態與結構分析 65
4-1-2 晶相結構鑑定 70
4-1-3 傅立葉紅外線光譜儀（FTIR）官能基鑑定 76
4-1-4 紫外-可見光漫反射光譜圖（UV-vis DRS）分析 77
4-2 光觸媒複合材料特性分析 82
4-2-1 光觸媒複合材料表面型態與結構分析 82
4-2-2 光觸媒複合材料晶相結構鑑定 87
4-2-3 光觸媒複合材料官能基鑑定 112
4-2-4 光觸媒複合材料漫反射光譜分析 118
4-3光催化試驗檢測 128
4-3-1 紫外光催化試驗 128
4-3-2 可見光催化試驗 135
4-4反應動力學分析 142
4-4-1 反應動力分析（紫外光） 142
4-4-2反應動力分析（可見光） 150
第五章 結論與建議 157
5-1結論 157
5-2建議 159
參考文獻 160
附錄 170
附錄Ⅰ JCPDS card （XRD Jade 6.5） 170
附錄Ⅱ 光催化實驗數據 172

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