臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著全人類平均壽命的增長，現代醫學必須面對過往一來不曾出現的諸多的新興疾病。而在這之中有許多疾病與老化過程有極切的相關聯，並可能造成系統性的功能缺失或增加生物體內的氧化壓力。
根據黃帝內經的記載：「男女…… 八八天癸渴，精少，腎臟衰，形體皆極…… 」因此，腎經相關的植物藥備有抗老化的功能。我們選擇了滋腎陰的中藥植物用藥—肉蓯蓉為標的研究藥物。
在此篇研究中，我們呈現滋腎藥肉蓯蓉俱有延長果蠅的壽命，此外，肉蓯蓉也助於年老及年輕果蠅的大腦意識功能。為了研究肉蓯蓉對於果蠅的抗老化的藥理機轉，我們給予果蠅一系列的壓力抵禦試驗，實驗結果表示肉蓯蓉可以增強對於壓力的抵禦能力，例如，饑餓，雙氧水，百草枯以及乙二醇。這些這些結果表示肉蓯蓉俱有潛力能預防不只複數個能影響多系統的壓力外，以及針對神經細胞攻擊的壓力。很重要的，肉蓯蓉可以促進被餵食果蠅的性慾，交配能力及羽化率。
整體而言，我們的實驗發現每日攝食肉蓯蓉可以讓年老的果蠅在每組測驗中表現更好，這項結果給我們一個暗示—若每日攝食若每日攝食固定劑量的肉蓯蓉產品，可以延緩老化。

With the extending of the average human life span, modern medicine faces treating many diseaseswhich previously did not exist. Many of these diseases are related to the process of ageing,and thereforemay cause systemic dysfunction and increase the oxidative levelin vivo.
Based on The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic, both males and females become kidney-deficient in the latter part of their lives. Therefore, kidney-meridian-related herbs might possess anti-ageing effects. We chose Cistanche deserticola (CD), a kidney-tonifying Chinese herbal medicine (CHM) as our study’sfocus.
Results showed that CD extended the life spanof fruit flies. Also, CD is beneficial for cognitive function in both aged and young flies. In order to investigate the pharmacological mechanisms of CD on fruit flies, several different stress-related pathways were tested. Results showed that CD strengthened the resistance to multiple stresses, including starvation, hydroxyl peroxide (H2O2),paraquat (PQ), and ethylene glycol (EG). These results suggest that CD has the potential to strengthen resistance against not only the stresses that influence multiple systems but also the stresses that specifically attack neurons. Last but not least, CD promoted sexual desire, mating ability, and the eclosion rate in offspring.
Over all, our studies revealed that consuming CD dailyenabled aged flies to perform better on each test.This indicates that products containing CD, if administered daily in specific amounts, can be used as dietary supplements or anti-ageing medicine.

1. Introdution 1
2. Research Review 4
2.1 Overview on Current Ageing Research 4
2.2 Chinese Medicine and Ageing 5
2.2.1 Fundamental Knowledge of Chinese Medicine 5
2.2.2 Diagnosis, Organs, Networks, Five Elements and Ageing in Chinese Medicine 6
2.2.3 Modern Research Of Yin/Yang and Kidney-tonifying Medicine 7
2.3 Review of Research on Cistanche deserticola 9
2.3.1 Introduction to Cistanche deserticola 9
2.3.1.1 Species in Cistanche Genus Grow in China 9
2.3.2 Pharmacological Functions of Cistanche deserticola 9
2.3.2.1 Traditional Usage of CD and its Major Compounds 9
2.3.2.2 Cistanche Protects Sperm from Oxidative Stress. 10
2.4 Ageing-related Symptoms and Diseases 15
2.4.1 Overview 15
2.4.2 Ageing, Neurodegeneration, and Gene Expression 16
2.4.3 Age-Related Neural Degeneration and Theories of Age-related Learning and
Memory Impairment 16
2.4.3.1 Neurodegeneration and the Decline of Neurogenesis 17
2.4.3.2 Dysregulated Synaptic Functions and Ineffective Neurotransmission 17
2.4.4 Other Age-related Physiological Impairments and Medical Care Costs 19
2.4.4.1 Muscular Dysfunction, Motor Function Impairment 19
2.4.4.2 Sexual Dysfunction, Sex, and Ageing 20
2.5 What are the Benefits of Using Drosophila as an Animal Model? 20
3. Materials and Methodology 22
3.1 Fly Maintenance, TCM Treatment, Reagents and Sample Preparation 22
3.2 Longevity and Negative Gravity Assays 22
3.3 Body Weight and Feeding Assays. 22
3.4 Starvation Resistance Assays 23
3.5 H2O2 Resistance Assays 23
3.6 PQ Resistance Assays 23
3.7 Ethylene Glycol Resistance Assays 23
3.8 Courtship Behaviour Assays 23
3.9 Egg Laying, Eclosion and Offspring Sex Rate Assays 24
3.10 Olfactory-associated Learning and Memory Assays 25
3.11 Statistical Analysis 25
4. Results 26
4.1 The Development of a Platform to Study CD’s Anti-ageing Effects on Drosophila 26
4.2 The Effect of Life-long Treatment with CD 26
4.3 Body Weight and CD 27
4.4 CD’s Effects on Learning and Memory Ability in Aged Adult 29
4.5 CD’s Effects onLearning and Memory Ability inYoung Adults 30
4.6 Aged Flies,Long-term Consumption of CD, and Multiple Stresses 33
4.6.1 Starvation Resistance 33
4.6.2 Hydrogen Peroxide 33
4.6.3Paraquat 33
4.6.4 Ethylene Glycol (EG) 37
4.7 Age, Sexual dysfunction, CD 37
4.7.1 Sexual Dysfunction in Male Flies 37
4.7.2 Sexual Ability and Desire, Females 41
4.8 Sexual Function, CD 41
5. Discussion 45
5.1 Comparison of this Research and Previous Studies 45
5.1.1 CD’s Effects on Mice and Fruit Flies 45
5.1.2 CD, AMI, and Neural Protection 45
5.2 Clinical Treatments and Experimental Results for Age-related Sexual Dysfunction 48
5.2.1 Courtship Behaviours According to Age and Sex 48
5.2.2 Sexual Function and Life Span 49
5.3 Possible Mechanisms or Pathways of CD in vivo 50
5.4 AMI in Aged Flies, Memory Ability in Young Flies 50
5.5 CD and Mitochondria 51
5.6 CD and ROS 51
5.7 CD and JNK 52
6. Conclusions 53
7. References 55
8. 中文摘要 65
9. Acknowledgements 66
10. Appendix 67

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