臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本研究主要探討面部視覺訊息對食道語言語清晰度的影響，且比較不同聽知覺清晰度之食道語在加入視覺線索後言語清晰度改變的程度有無差異。此外，比較子音的語音清晰度在面部視覺訊息加入後的改變，以探討不同面部視覺線索對言語清晰度的影響。
研究對象為6位使用食道語的說話者，以聽知覺清晰度在85%的為食道語優良組，而聽知覺清晰度介於50%~75%的為食道語普通組。說話者錄製聲音及影像檔案。由60位無食道語接觸經驗的聽者，每10為一組，逐字轉寫1名說話者在單純聽覺模式及視聽結合模式中的句子內容。再由研究者依據聽者的回答計算說話者的句子清晰度及語音清晰度。
研究結果顯示食道語在視聽結合模式中的句子清晰度顯著高於單純聽覺模式中的，且言語呈現的模式及聽知覺句子清晰度呈現顯著的交互作用。在聽知覺句子清晰度中，食道語優良組在視覺訊息加入後，其句子清晰度的提升幅度顯著高於普通組的成長幅度。此外，分析21個子音的語音清晰度，結果發現視覺訊息加入後，17個子音的語清晰度有顯著增加。以發音部位分析，雙唇音語音清晰度的提升幅度最高；以發音方法分析，7個發音部位的提升幅度沒有顯著差異。
本研究成果顯示面部視覺線索可以提升食道語的言語清晰度，且聽知覺言語清晰度對於視覺線索在言語清晰度的影響是一個重要變項，隨著聽知覺言語清晰度越差，視覺訊息對言語清晰度的輔助效果就越大。此外，面部視覺線索中無論是與子音構音動作相關的嘴部視覺訊息，或是與口語訊息相關的整體面部視覺訊息皆有助於提升食道語的言語清晰度。

The purpose of this study was to determine the effects visual information on speech intelligibility for esophageal speakers, and further examining the influence of the degree of auditory speech intelligibility of the speaker on the effect of visual information. Besides, to invetigate the role of visual information on speech percetion, intelligibility scores for phonemes after visual information added were compared.
The subjects of this study were 6 esophageal speakers and 60 listeners. Speakers were divided into two groups (3 per group), a Good esophgeal group whose auditoty speech intelligibility above 85%, and a Moderate group whose auditory speech intelligibility between 50%~75%. Speakers were recorded while they read sentences. Listeners transcribed sentences while watching and listening to videotapes of the speakers (audio-visual mode) and while only listening to the speakers (auditory-only mode). Scores of sentence intelligibility and phoneme intelligibility were determined baesd on listeners transcription.
The results showed a statistically significant higher sentence intelligibility score for audio-visual mode compared to audio-only mode, as well as a significant interaction effect between mode of presentation and degree of auditory speech intelligibility. Within degree of auditory speech intelligibility, Good esophgeal group showed significantly greater benefit from the inclusion of visual information compared to Moderate esophgeal group. Besides, 17 out of 21 phonemes were benefited signigicantly from the inclusion of visual cues.Significant difference was found between 7 articulation places, and the greatest improvement was found for bilabial sounds. No significant difference was found between 7 articulation manners.
The finding suggest that facial visual informataion increase the intelligibility of esophageal speech, and auditory speech intelligibility is an important variable that the less intelligible speakers’ scores can increase more when visual information was added. Besides, audio-visual processing is more effective than auditory processing for two reasons. First, some articulatory movement can be seen clearly by the mouth. Second, the audible and visible patterns are highly correlated. Many features of an utterance can be seen by the facial information.

目錄
頁碼
中文摘要................................................................. I
英文摘要..................................................................II
目錄......................................................................III
圖目錄....................................................................V
表目錄....................................................................VI
第一章 緒論............................................................1
第二章 文獻探討........................................................9
第一節 影響言語清晰度的因素.............................................9
第二節 無喉者言語復健方式...............................................12
第三節 聽者接收視聽言語訊息的機轉與對言語清晰度的影響......................19
第四節 無喉者的視聽言語接收研究..........................................26
第五節 言語清晰度評估方法……………..........................................30
第三章 研究方法........................................................33
第一節 研究架構........................................................33
第二節 研究參與者......................................................35
第三節 研究工具........................................................40
第四節 研究程序........................................................41
第五節 言語清晰度計分方式與信度分析......................................46
第六節 統計分析........................................................49
第四章 研究結果........................................................51
第一節 信度分析........................................................52
第二節 研究參與者基本資料...............................................53
第三節 聽知覺食道語程度分組結果..........................................54
第四節 面部視覺訊息與食道語程度對言語清晰度的影響..........................56
第五節 子音的語音清晰度在AO及AV模式中的比較...............................61
第五章 研究討論........................................................69
第一節 面部視覺訊息與食道語程度對言語清晰度的影響..........................69
第二節 不同食道語聽知覺言語清晰度對於面部視覺訊息的影響.....................70
第三節 子音的語音清晰度.................................................72
第六章 結論與建議.......................................................76
第一節 結論............................................................76
第二節 臨床意義.........................................................77
第三節 研究限制.........................................................78
第四節 未來研究建議.....................................................80
參考文獻...................................................................81
附錄......................................................................91
附錄一 食道語基本資料表................................................91
附錄二 聽者基本資料表..................................................93
附錄三 國語短文.......................................................94
附錄四 說話材料.......................................................95
附錄五 說話材料:音素種類及次數分配圖....................................96
附錄六 臺北市立聯合醫院人體試驗委員會計畫執行及修正許可書..................97

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