臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

隨著車載網路技術的蓬勃發展，各式各樣新的車載網路服務也隨之因應而生。其中，多媒體影片串流服務更是未來車載網路服務發展的重點。但由於目前使用3G/3.5G的行動網路頻寬不足以讓在車輛中的乘客有比較高的影片播放品質。因此，在本篇論文中主要研究探討一個協力式影片串流(Cooperative Video Streaming)技術應用於車載網路技術中，提供使用者一較高品質與播放順暢的影片播放服務。當使用者(requester)透過3G/3.5G網路從影片伺服器(video server)下載影片時，由於其3G/3.5G不足以提供較佳的影片品質，使用者將從其臨近車輛中尋求幫助，願意提供幫助的車輛稱之為協助者(helper)。被選中的協助者將透過其3G/3.5G從影片伺服器幫忙下載部分影片並將下載的影片片段利用車對車專用短距通訊技術(Dedicated short-range communications, DSRC)回傳給使用者。但由於車輛拓樸架構，3G/3.5G和DSRC網路品質會隨著時間而改變，因此我們提出一個以服務品質(Quality of Service, QoS)為導向之協力式影片串流控制協定提供使用者較好的影片播放品質。其中，我們針對以下三種系統進行探討: (1) 單躍式(1 hop)非車隊之協力式影片串流系統，(2)單躍式(1 hop)車隊之協力式影片串流系統，(3)多躍式(k hop)車隊之協力式影片串流系統。

With the development of vehicular networks, new types of networking services arise for automotive users. Since vehicles have high mobility, it is difficult to keep stable and reliable network connections between vehicles. With regard to multimedia streaming services, a vehicle may not have good QoS of video streaming using its own individual 3G/3.5G wireless interface. This dissertation is motivated to investigate the cooperative streaming scenario in the vehicular network. When a vehicle, which is called requester, requests a video stream from the Internet using its 3G/3.5G network, it asks helps from vehicles within its k-hop transmission range, in which these vehicles are called helpers, to download the requested video data cooperatively through these vehicles' 3G/3.5G network and then forward these downloaded video to the requested vehicle through V2V Dedicated Short-Range Communication (DSRC) networks. Since the topology of a vehicular network may change dynamically, a QoS-awarely cooperative video streaming control protocol is proposed to have better throughput of cooperative video streaming. We simulate the proposed schemes over (1) the 1-hop non-fleet based cooperative video streaming system, (2) the 1-hop fleet based cooperative video streaming system and (3) the k-hop fleet based cooperative video streaming system.

1 Introduction 1
2 Related Works 8
3 The 1-hop non-fleet based cooperative video streaming system 18
3.1 Prediction Oriented helper selection scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
3.2 Co-MDC-SVC based video scheduling scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2.1 The Co-SVC-MDC Encoding Architecture . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
3.2.2 Priority Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
3.2.3 Video Segment Assignment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 25
3.3 Buffer aware adaptive video streaming scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
4 The 1-hop fleet based cooperative video streaming system 31
4.1 Network aware helper selection scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31
4.2 Layered based video scheduling scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.2.1 Helper Selection Algorithms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37
4.2.2 Video Assignment Algorithm . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
4.3 Buffer aware video retransmission scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43
5 The k-hop fleet-based cooperative video streaming system 45
5.1 Bandwidth aware helper selection scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.1.1 The fleet configuration phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 45
5.1.2 The bandwidth estimation phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 47
5.1.3 The helper selection phase . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49
5.2 NAL based video scheduling scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
5.2.1 Streaming Task Assignment Scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 53
5.2.2 Assignment Interval . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
5.2.3 Streaming tasks scheduling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
5.3 Buffer aware layered video scheduling scheme . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 60
5.3.1 Macro Block video Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61
5.3.2 Early re-schedule point . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
5.3.3 Micro Block video Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 65
5.3.4 Pico Block video Allocation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
6 Experiment and Simulation Results 74
6.1 The 1-hop non-fleet based cooperative video streaming system . . . . . . . 74
6.2 The 1-hop fleet based cooperative video streaming system . . . . . . . . . 78
6.3 The k-hop fleet-based cooperative video streaming system . . . . . . . . . 83
7 Conclusion 88
Bibliography . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 90

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