臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

本論文針對長波段放大自發性輻射光纖光源進行研究，探
討以1480 nm幫激雷射的單幫激組態之放大自發性輻射光
纖光源的特性。我們用1480 nm的幫激雷射幫激摻鉺光
纖，選擇適當的光纖長度，藉由調整幫激光源功率，分析
光纖輻射的ASE特性。我們討論的架構有前向單行(SPF)、
後向單行(SPB)、前向復行(DPF)和後向復行(DPB)四種光
源，比較光源的輸出功率、平均波長、光源線寬和幫激效
益。實驗結果顯示DPF架構在低反射量8%時，摻鉺光纖輻
射的ASE具有13.8 mW的輸出功率，平均波長為1585.7
nm，光源線寬為40.9 nm，幫激效益為13.8%，此為四種架
構中較佳的光源特性。

In this thesis, we investigate the single-pumped
L-band (1570-1610 nm) amplified spontaneous
emission fiber source by employing 1480 nm single
pumping configuration. Using the 1480 nm-pumped
laser, we chose the adequate fiber length and
adjusted the pump power to optimize the
characteristics of the ASE source. The
characteristics are experimentally examined and
compared in terms of the output power, mean
wavelength, spectral linewidth, and pumping
conversion efficiency in four configurations with
single-pass forward (SPF), single-pass backward
(SPB), double-pass forward (DPF), and double-pass
backward (DPB) structures. Among them, the DPF
configuration with low mirror reflectance of 8%
is the better one to be an L-band ASE fiber
source with output power of 13.8 mW, mean
wavelength of 1585.7 nm, spectral linewidth of
40.9 nm and pumping efficiency of 13.8%.

第一章、序論
1.1 研究背景
1.2 研究動機
1.3 論文結構
第二章、放大自發性輻射光纖光源之原理與特性
2.1 摻鉺光纖放大器的基本原理
2.2 基本架構
2.3 光源的特性參數定義
2.4 光源的平均波長穩定性
2.5 光源的雜訊
第三章、長波段ASE光纖光源的架構與實驗
3.1 實驗裝置
3.2 實驗量測結果
3.3 討論
第四章、結論

[1]P. F. Wysocki, M. J. F. Digonnet and B.Y. Kim, “Wavelength stability of a high-output, broadband, Er-doped superfluorescent fiber source pumped near 980nm,” Optics Lett., vol. 16, no. 12, pp. 961-963, 1991.
[2]P. R. Morkel, K. P. Jedrzejewski, E. R. Taylor and D. N. Payne, “High-gain superfluorescent neodymium-doped single mode fiber source,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 4, no. 7, pp. 706-708, 1992.
[3]J. L. Wagener, M. J. F. Digonnet and H. J. Shaw, “A high-stability fiber amplifier source for the fiber optic gyroscope,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 15, no. 9, pp.1689-1694, 1997.
[4]M. J. F. Digonnet and K. Liu, “Analysis of a 1060-nm Nd:SiO2 superfluorescent fiber laser,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 7, no. 7, pp. 1009-1015, 1989.
[5]D. C. Hall and W. K. Burns, “Wavelength stability optimization in Er3+-doped superfluorescent figre sources,” Electron. Lett., vol. 30, no. 8, pp.653-654, 1994.
[6]H. Fevrier, J. F. Marcerou, P. Bousselet, J. Auge and M. Jurczyszyn, “High power, compace 1.48um diode-pumped broadband superfluorescent fibre source at 1.55um,” Electron. Lett., vol. 27, no. 3, pp. 261-263, 1991.
[7]W. K. Burns, C. Chen and R. P. Moeller, “Fiber-optic gyroscopes with broad-band sources,” J. Lightwave Technol., vol. LT-1, no. 1, pp. 98-105,1983.
[8]K. Takada, T. Kitagawa, W. Shimizu and M. Horiguchi, “ High-sensitivity low coherence reflectometer using erbium-doped superfluorescent fibre source and erbium-doped power amplifier,” Electron. Lett., vol. 29, no. 4, pp. 365-367, 1993.
[9]G. Sagnac, “L’ether lumineux demontre par l’effet du vent relatif d’ether dans un interferometer en rotation uniforme,” Compte-rendus de l’Academie des Sciences, vol. 95, pp. 708-710, 1913.
[10]R. A. Bergh, H. C. Lefevre and H. J. Shaw, “An overview of fiber-optic gyroscopes,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. LT-2, no. 2, pp. 91-107, 1984.
[11]V. Vali and R. W. Shorthill, “Fiber ring interferometer,” Appl. Opt., vol. 15, pp. 1099-1100, 1976.
[12]P. F. Wysocki, M. J. F. Digonnet, B. Y. Kim and H. J. Shaw, “Characteristics of erbium-doped superfluorescent fiber sources for interferometric sensor applications,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 550-567, 1994.
[13]D. C. Hall, W. K. Burns and R. P. Moeller, “High-stability Er3+-doped superfluorescent fiber sources,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 13, no. 7, pp. 1452-1460, 1995.
[14]C. C. Cutler, S.A. Newton and H.J. Shaw, “Limitation of rotation sensing by scattering,” Opt. Lett., vol. 5, no. 11, pp. 488-490, 1980.
[15]R. A. Bergh, B. Culshaw, C.C. Cutler, H. C. Lefevre and H.J. Shaw, “Source statistics and the Kerr effect in fiber-optic gyroscopes,” Opt. Lett., vol. 7, no. 11, pp. 563-565, 1982.
[16]K. Iwatsuki, “Excess noise reduction in fiber gyroscope using broader spectrum linewidth Er-doped superfluorescent fiber laser,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 3, no. 3, pp. 281-283, 1991.
[17]W. K. burns, R. P. Moeller and A. Dandridge, “Excess noise in fiber gyroscope sources,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 2, no. 8, pp. 606-608, 1990,
[18]P. R. Morkel, R. I. Laming and D. N. Payne, “Noise characteristics of high-power doped-fiber superluminescent sources,” Electron. Lett., vol. 26, no. 2, pp.96-98, 1990.
[19]B. L. Danielson and C. D. Whittenberg, “Guided-wave reflectometry with micrometer resolution,” Appl. Opt., vol. 26, no. 14, pp.2836-2842, 1987.
[20]S. R. Chinn and E. A. Swanson, “Blindness limitations in optical coherence domain reflectometry,” Electron. Lett., vol. 29, no. 23, pp.2025-2027, 1993.
[21]W. V. Sorin and D. M. Baney, “Measurement of Rayleigh backscattering at 1.55um with 32um spatial resolution,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol 4, no. 4, pp. 374-376.
[22]K. Takada, H. Yamada and M. Horguchi, “Loss distribution measurement of silicabased waveguides by using a jaggedness-free optical low coherence reflectometer,” Electron. Lett., vol. 30, no. 17, pp. 1441-1443, 1994.
[23]K. Takada, M. Yamada and S. Mitachi, “Optical low coherence reflectometer with a 47-dB dynamic range achieved by using a Fluoride-based Erbium-doped fiber amplifier,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 16, no. 4, pp. 593-597.
[24]P. Y. Fonjallaz, H. G. Limberger, R. P. Salathe, C. Zimmer and H. H. Gilgen, “Direct determination of main fiber Bragg grating parameters using OLCR,” IEE Proc. Optoelectron., vol. 141, no. 2, pp. 141-144, 1994.
[25]U. Wiedmann, P. Gallion, Y. Jaouen and C. Chabran, “Analysis of distributed feedback lasers using optical low-coherence reflectometry,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 16, no. 5, pp. 864-869, 1998.
[26]J. S. Lee, Y. C. Chung and D. J. DiGiovanni, “Spectrum-sliced fiber amplifier light source for multichannel WDM applications,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 5, no. 12, pp. 1458-1461, 1993.
[27]M. H. Reeve, A. R. Hunwicks, W. Zhao, S. G. Methley, L. Bickers and S. Hornung, “LED spectral slicing for single-mode local loop application,” Electron. Lett., vol. 24, no. 7, pp. 389-390, 1988.
[28]K. Y. Liou, J. B. Stark, U. Koren, E. C. Burrows, J. L. Zyskind and K. Dreyer, “System performance of an eight-channel WDM local access network employing a spectrum-sliced and delay-line-multiplexed LED source,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 9, no. 5, pp. 696-698, 1997.
[29]P. D. Killkelly, P. J. Chidgey and G. Hill, “Experimental demonstration of a three channel WDM system over 110km using superflminscent diodes,” Electron. Lett., vol. 26, pp. 167-169, 1990.
[30]J. H. Han, J. S. Lee, S. S. Lee, T. Y. Yun, H. K. Kim, C. H. Lee and S. Y. Shin “2.5Gbit/s transmission of spectrum-sliced fibre amplifier light source channels over 200km of dispersion-shifted fibre,” Electron. Lett., vol. 31, no. 12, pp. 989-991, 1995.
[31]J. H. Han, S. J. Kim and J. S. Lee, “Transmission of 4×2.5Gb/s spectrum-sliced incoherence light channels over 240km of dispersion-shifted fiber with 200-GHz channel spacing,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 11, no. 7, pp. 901-903.
[32]D. K. Jung, S. K. Shin, C. H. Lee and Y. C. Chung “Wavelength-division-multiplexed passive optical network based on spectrum-sliced techniques,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 10, no. 9, pp. 1334-1336, 1998.
[33]F. A. Flood, “L-band erbium-doped fiber amplifiers,” Optical Fiber Communication Conference, vol. 2, pp. 102-104, 2000.
[34]H. Ono, M. Yamada, T. Kanamori, S. Sudo and Y. Ohishi, “1.58mm band gain-flattened erbium-doped fiber amplifiers for WDM transmission systems,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 17, no. 3, pp. 490-496, 1999.
[35]H. S. Chung, M. S. Lee, D. Lee, N. Park and D. J. DiGiovanni “Low noise, high efficiency L-band EDFA with 980nm pumping,” Electron. Lett. vol. 35, no. 13, pp. 1099-1100, 1999.
[36]N. Shimojoh, T. Naito, T. Tanaka, H. Nakamoto, T. Ueki and M. Suyama, “640Gbit/s (64´10Gbit/s) WDM transmission over 10,127km using L-band EDFAs,” Electron. Lett., vol. 36, no. 2, pp. 155-156, 2000.
[37]A. Buxens, H. N. Poulsen, A. T. Clausen and P. Jippesen, “Gain flattened L-band EDFA based on upgraded C-band EDFA using forward ASE pumping in an EDF section,” Electron. Lett., vol. 36, no. 9, pp. 821-823, 2000.
[38]J. Lee, U. C. Ryu, S. J. Ahn and N. Park, “Enhancement of power conversion efficiency for an L-band EDFA with a secondary pumping effect in the unpumped EDF section,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 11, no. 1, pp. 42-44, 1999.
[39]A. K. Srivastava, S. Radic, C. Wolf, J. C. Centanni, J. W. Sulhoff, K. Kantor and Y. Sun, “Ultra-dense terebit capacity WDM transmission in L-band,” Optical Fiber Communication Conference, vol. 4, pp. 248-250, 2000.
[40]A. K. Srivastava, S. Radic, C. Wolf, J. C. Centanni, J. W. Sulhoff, K. Kantor and Y. Sun, “Ultradense WDM transmission in L-band,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 12, no. 11, pp. 1570-1572, 2000.
[41]A. Mori, T. Sakamoto, K. Shikano, K. Kobayashi, K. Hoshino and M. Shimizu, “Gain flattened Er3+-doped tellurite fibre amplifier for WDM signals in the 1581-1616nm wavelength region,” Electron. Lett., vol. 36, no. 7, pp. 621-622, 2000.
[42]H. S. Chung, H. B. Choi, M. S. Lee, D. Lee, N. Park, S. J. Ahn and Y. W. Koh, “Demonstration of 540-dB loss compensation over 52nm gain bandwidth with wideband erbium-doped fiber amplifiers,” IEEE Pacific Rim’99, pp. 644-645, 1999.
[43]Y. Sun, J. W. Sulhoff, A. K. Srivastava, J. L. Zyskind, T. A. Strasser, J. R. Pedrazzani, C. Wolf, J. Zhou, J. B. Judkins, R. P. Espindola and A. M. Vengsarkar, “80nm ultra-wideband erbium-doped silica fibre amplifier,” Electron. Lett., vol. 33. no. 23, pp. 1965-1967.
[44]B. Min, H. Yoon, W. J. Lee and N. Park, “Coupled structure for wide-band EDFA with gain and noise figure improvements from C to L-band ASE injection,” IEEE Photon. Technol. Lett., vol. 12, no. 5, pp. 480-482, 2000.
[45]B. Min, H. Yoon, W. J. Lee and N. Park, “Performance improvement of wideband EDFA by ASE injection from C band to L band amplifier,” Optoelectronics and Communications Conference, vol. 2, pp. 1346-1347, 1999.
[46]P. C. Becker, N. A. Olsson and J. R. Simpson, Erbium-Doped Fiber Amplifiers- Fundamentals and Technology, Academic Press, San Diego and London, 1999.
[47]T. C. Liang, Y. S. Lin and Y. K. Chen, “Comparison of the characteristics of double-pass erbium superfluorescent fiber sources obtained from different flatting techniques,” Appl. Opt., vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 522-529, 1999.
[48]M. Tur, E. Shafir and K. Blotekjaer, “Source-induced noise in optical systems driven by low-coherence sources,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 8, no. 2, pp. 183-189, 1990.
[49]L. A. Wang and C. D. Su, “Modeling of a double-pass backward Er-doped superfluorescent fiber source for fiber-optic gyroscope applications,” IEEE J. Lightwave Technol., vol. 17, no. 11, pp.2307-2315, 1999.
[50]S. Hsu, T. C. Liang and Y. K. Chen, “Optimum configuration and design of L-band Erbium-doped superfluorescent fiber source,” sumitted to Optics Communications, 2000.