臺灣博碩士論文加值系統

我國電子收費計畫開始推動至今已有10餘年，電子收費系統(Electronic Toll Collection, ETC)可以提高收費站容量、降低車輛延滯、降低空氣汙染、能源之浪費與達到使用者公平付費原則。本研究目的在探討高速公路未來採用計程ETC後，根據研究結果提出推動計程ETC相關執行策略。
本研究是藉由相關文獻建立一個初擬層級架構，針對ETC所重視關鍵因素進行整理。透過專家問卷方式收集數據，第一階段問卷利用模糊德爾菲法（Fuzzy Delphi method, FDM）藉以篩選出評估構面與構面下之評估準則重要性，進而納入第二階段專家問卷評估架構。第二階段利用層級分析法（Analytic Hierarchy Process Method, AHP）為評估指標之篩選，希望藉由專家的意見進行關鍵因素的重要性權重分析並對其排序出優勢順位，最終決定符合實務需求之關鍵因素進行分析。
根據本研究問卷調查結果為基礎，綜合出國道計程電子收費系統之社會福利最大化關鍵因素，在第二層級主構面民眾需求權重最高，其次為政策推動，最後為經營管理，其中民眾需求幾乎佔整體權重值一半，顯示政府推動計程ETC政策時應有效考量民眾的需求。最後進一步對國道計程ETC政策提出執行策略，期許本研究結果可供未來政府相關機構施政之參考。

The electronic toll collection (ETC) system has been developed in Taiwan over ten years. The ETC system can generate benefits such as increasing the capacity of toll stations, reducing toll paying time, minimizing air pollution and energy consumption, and considering the fair paying expenses. The objective of this research is to propose the strategy of implementing distance-based ETC systems on the freeways in Taiwan.
The initiated hierarchy structure was developed based on the current ETC development and application situations. The data was collected by the two step expertized questionnaires. The first step utilized the Fuzzy Delphi Method (FDM) to determine the importance of dimensions and factors in each layer. In the second step, the priority of key factors was sorted by Analytic Hierarchy Process Method (AHP) according to the expertized questionnaires. Finally, the analysis was implemented through the selected key factors.
According to the research result through expertized questionnaires, it was summarized that the key factors of distance-based ETC system in turns are public demand, policy promote and operate management; in which the public demand almost made up half of the total weight. Note that public demand is the most important one in the performance appraisal of social welfare maximum in distance-based ETC system. Finally, the results of this study can provide the strategies for the related government agencies while implementing the distance-based ETC system.

摘要 i
Abstract ii
誌謝 iv
目錄 v
表目錄 vii
圖目錄 viii
第一章、緒論 1
1.1研究背景與動機 1
1.2研究目的 2
1.3研究對象與研究範圍 3
1.4研究流程 4
第二章、文獻回顧 6
2.1國外ETC相關研究 6
2.1.1ETC案例介紹 6
2.1.2國外ETC政策之文獻探討 16
2.2國內ETC相關研究 19
2.2.1我國ETC系統實施歷程 19
2.2.2我國ETC應用狀況 20
2.2.3我國ETC政策之文獻探討 21
2.2.4社會福利最大化之文獻探討 25
2.2.5小節 27
2.3層級架構考量要素 27
2.3.1計程ETC政策之效益 27
2.3.2層級架構 28
2.3.3國道計程電子收費系統之社會福利最大化層級架構之初擬 33
2.4模糊德爾菲法與AHP相關研究之文獻探討 35
第三章、研究架構與方法 37
3.1研究架構 37
3.2研究方法 38
3.2.1德爾菲法（Delphi Technique） 38
3.2.2模糊德爾菲法（Fuzzy Delphi Method） 38
3.2.3層級分析法(AHP) 41
第四章、研究結果 49
4.1模糊德爾菲法專家問卷結果分析 49
4.2 AHP 問卷調查與結果分析 55
4.2.1問卷結果分析 55
4.2.2建議策略 63
第五章、結論與建議 67
5.1結論 67
5.2未來研究建議 68
參考文獻 70
中文文獻 70
英文文獻 74
附錄一、模糊德爾菲法專家問卷 77
附錄二、層級分析法問卷 87

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